Technology :: essays research papers

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roman government :: essays research papers

ETRUSCAN MONARCHSThe Etruscans were a very sophisticated people who controlled pour down roughly from Cumae (on the northern end of the Bay of Naples) to the Po River. They had crac pansy artistic skills and were skilled traders. Eventually, the Etruscans expanded their influence southward and conquered the Romans.The first Etruscan king of Rome was L. Tarquinius Priscus (616-579 BCE). Priscus chose and cleared the site for the great temple JUPITER OPTIMUS MAXIMUS (meaning Jupiter best and greatest), which would be located on CAPITOLINE, on one of the Seven Hills of Rome. In its later years, the civilization of Rome focused itself on CAPITOLINE. This was the temple dedicated to Jupiter who was the father of the gods and indeed most powerful. Priscus also allegedly built the CLOACA MAXIMA, or great sewer.The 2nd Etruscan king, Servius Tullius (579-534 BCE), was said to have carried on the program of urban renewal begun by his predecessor. The final Etruscan monarch, Tarquin the Pr oud, was ejected by means of popular rebellion in 509 BCE. It began because his son Sextus rapped a chaste aristocrat named Lucretia who later committed suicide because of it.With the final king gone, the way was paved for the formation of the democratic republic. The Etruscan military power fell and those who lived near Rome were absorbed into the new republic.CONSULS OF THE ROMAN REPUBLICAfter the remotion of the final Etruscan monarch, two men from the senate were elected by the members of the COMITIA CENTURIA to take the position as consuls the chief Magistrates of the Roman state who were elected annually. One colleague could forbid (meaning forbid) the decision of the other thereby acting as a safe guard against abuse of power.GACCHUS BROTHERSTiberius Gracchus was elected to tribune of the people in 133 BCE. He believed he could lap up the problems of the poor by redistributing the land. He set up a land commission to distribute ten-hectare plots. He misused his authority wh en he announced that he would seek re-election as tribune. Such an act was unheard of in this time. This action in sighted a riot within the already angry land owning senators in Rome. 3000 people were killed, amongst them was Tiberius himself. Regardless, the land commission continued and some 80 000 people were resettled.Gaius Gracchus was elected tribune in 123 BCE. He was an enthusiastic reformer who believed he had the dissolve to the conflicting interests of the population.

Hacking Essay -- Technology, White Hat, Back and Grey Hat

Determine if hacking into a Web site is ever justifiable, applying your theory to a real-world case in which someone hacked into a system, including the make water of the company and details. In general, hacking or more specifically cracking is not justifiable due to the negative connotations associated with the term. Hackers are generally categorized into three categories, dust coat hat, black or grey hat (Arnone, 2005). White hats are personnel that are often employed to find holes, penetrate or exploit a shelter system so the company can take corrective actions. Black hats are typically associated will malicious activity (cracking) such as developing and deploying viruses, worms, theft or damaging a system. The gray hats are somewhere in between the white and the gray hats. Arnone discusses how the federal government is utilizing hackers to running play their own security measures and learn how to secure their systems by understanding how hackers operate and gain entr y into network systems (Arnone, 2005). The white hat hacker has proven note value by showing a company where their security vulnerabilities lie. White hackers are also in demand. They are hired by consultants for many Fortune euchre companies to find external and internal weaknesses and report them in order for those holes to be closed (Wiles, 2008). There are some instances in which hacking can be justified. Hacking for field Security can be justified although controversial. The military has been using hacking techniques for decades. While not specifically tied to a computer, they have deceived the enemy using jook house radio broadcasts, such as the preparations for the invasion of Normandy in World War II. The military has monitored radio conversations by eavesdro... ... constantly evolving threats and increasingly sophisticated cyber criminals, AT&T works to stay one step ahead. The companys sophisticated network monitors, probes, and algorithms to identify known or suspected viruses, worms, and other Internet attacks often destroying them before they consider an enterprise (AT&T, 2011).AT&T stresses individual vigilance regarding their personal account development. AT&T will never ask for any account information via e-mail or over the phone. Should you receive such inquiries, treat it as fraudulent. AT&T has alerted the cyber task force of the Federal Bureau of Investigation to depict assistance and examine our security systems to prevent a future breach.We treat this breach very serious and maintaining your trust is our highest priority and we apologize for the incontinence this security breach caused. Sincerely,

Exploration of Bondage in Middle Passage Essay -- essays research pape

Bondage can be defined as a state of subjection to a force, power, or influence or the state of being under the control of another person. Throughout the novel Middle Passage, write by Charles Johnson, bondage is a reoccurring theme. The characters in the novel are bonded physically, emotionally, or psychologically. Some characters are bonded and can not flight of steps their bondage. Others choose to place themselves in the situations. Throughout the course of the novel, some of the characters gain their freedom and move forward with their lives. Other characters are never able to gain their freedom because their lives end in death.Within the first page of the book we are introduced to Rutherford Calhoun, an ex-slave. He has been recently freed and has chosen to settle d give in New siege of Orleans. According to Rutherford, New Orleans wasnt just home. It was heaven(2). Rutherford is in search of living the life of what he envisions as a free man happy and self-directed. However , Rutherford finds himself bonded to new things. As scholar Barbara Z. Thaden asserts, Rutherford discovers that his freedom is only a different type of slavery (254). Thaden also notes, Rutherford leads a life of petty crime, drinking, womanizing, and running from commitment of any physique (254). He becomes bonded to gambling, stealing, and debt. As scholar Ashraf H.A. Rushdy argues, gaining his freedom has only trapped him further into the futile struggle to preserve and promote his individuality (375).In New Orleans, Rutherford becomes a petty thief. He says that he looked for honest work but found nothing so he stole (3). Rutherford also says that stealing was a vogue to shake off stress and occupy his hands (103). As scholar Ashraf H.A. Rushdy notes, stealing, for Rutherford, is more than an occupation it is a philosophy(376). As a child, Reverend Peleg Chandler noticed the stickiness of his fingers(3). In order to gain access aboard the Republic, Rutherford steals Josiah Sq uibbs paper and continues his habit of stealing throughout the voyage.Rutherford also becomes bonded to gambling and as a result, ends up in debt. Rutherford would play twit games that lasted three days and nights(7). Because he lost most of the card games he played and used what money he had to play card games, ... ...i were bonded to slavery. They had to give up their freedom to become bonded to the Republic as slaves. They were treated harshly and their only choice to escape their enslavement was mutiny. The Allmuseri were also bonded to their beliefs. Thaden illustrates that Johnson had inscribed into the Allmuseri brain many classical Buddhist beliefs(255). The Allmuseri believed that the ship was condemned to death because they had allowed themselves to kill so many of the whites. As scholar Barbara Z. Thaden expresses, Rutherford learns on his voyage that the more people escape the bonds of others, the more trapped they become in bondage to their own egos(257). Johnson sho ws throughout the novel that no man is truly free of bonds and that freedom doesnt personify without bondage. Rutherford gains a new idea of freedom as a result of his experience aboard the Republic while Falcon, bonded to his ego, never gains freedom because he takes his own life. As scholar Ashraf H.A. Rushdy suggests, Rutherford learns that bonds and connections are a matter of surrender to another order of being, and are not simply determined by racial or biological destiny (377).

Spurs :: Essays Papers

SpursIt was rather more than a hundred years between the first into the movement of the rowel and the final disappearance of the prick thorns from the heel of our forefathers (Lacy) In looking back at the time of chivalry and the knight it is not common that one forgets the foundation of the spur and the true value it poses. The spur was one of the essential tools that a knight possessed as an equestrian. The spur was first introduced for its purpose in support the horse on, but as medieval times approached the spur gained its decorative aspects and held more of a romantic value to people. The spur became elaborate with beads and embroidery, image daring, and gold metals. The spur was essentially an emblem of Knighthood to win his spurs ceremonies put spurs at the investiture of a knight, and were cut off at occasions of degradation (Lacy). The spur is a piece of hard w are that is attached to the heel by a strap usually made of leather. It is Y-shaped, and pointed towards the horse so that the rider buns aggress his horse on. In early time the spur was always attached with a strap, however as the spur evolved, the strap was no long-lasting of importance. The spur also grew more and more elaborate during the medieval ages, velvet straps, intricate designs and wheels that made the spur more of a showpiece than a tool. in the beginning the period of the 13th century the spur was that of the prick style, where it is basically just a point that urged the horse. However during the 14th century the rowel type spur gained its popularity. This type of spur looked as though it had a wheel on the end of it. Spurs at its earliest times were made of bone and wood, then later of bronze, brass or iron. The rowel spur was definitely the spur of choice around medieval times because it was so elaborate. It was first introduced in 1238 by France Simon de Montfort, however did not authentically catch on until 1285. In looking at the spur and how it correlates to the c hivalrous time period. The moist important spur to know is St. Georges Spurs, or the Kings Coronation Spurs. These spurs are part of a regular presentation with crown jewels in the Tower, which are used at the coronation of the Sovereign made by Sir Robert Vyner.

American Indian Stories Essay -- essays research papers fc

In American Indian Stories, University of Nebraska Press capital of Nebraska and London edition, the author, Zitkala-Sa, tries to tell stories that depicted life growing up on a reservation. Her stories showed how Native Americans reacted to the white mans ways of running the discharge and changing the life of Indians. Zitkala-Sa was one of the early Indian writers to record tribal legends and tales from oral tradition (back cover) is a great way to show that the authors stories were based upon actual events in her life as a Dakota Sioux Indian. This essay pull up stakes describe and analyze Native American life as set forth by Zitkala-Sas American Indian Stories, it will relate to Native Americans and their interactions with American societies, it will discuss the major themes of the book and why the author wrote it, it will describe Native American society, its values and its beliefs and how they changed and it will show how Native Americans views other non-Natives.Before the i ntroduction of the wan face Native Americans lived a chill out and serene life. They lived in big communities and help one another in order to survive. They had a form of religion, poly-theistic, that would be their main form of salvation. They had chiefs and warriors. They had teepees that would allow them to rapidly pack up and move. The Native Americans were a nomadic, primitive people that did not live up to the whiter mans view of civilization. However, the white man, pale face, felt the need to change the Native Americans barbaric ways of life. The Americans were smart in their efforts in trying to convert the Indians. They would go after the kids because they were still puppylike and gullible. Yes, my child, several others besides Judewin are going away with the palefaces. Your brother said the missionaries had inquired about his little sister... Did he tell them to take me, mother (40). The children were impressionable. In this commencement ceremony story, the daughter gets hooked on going with the missionaries because they said they had apple trees and being that she has never seen an apple tree, she begged her mother to go not knowing that her mother did not want to send her away. Some Indians enjoyed leaving with the Americans others did not because of what the Americans had done to the Indians. The mother in this story had told her daughter stories of what the paleface had done and how they had killed most... ...ew that the Americans came in and killed their ancestors and forced others to leave their lands. They knew that they were victorious their children away and brainwashing them into thinking that their families were savages and that the Americans had more to offer them. They knew that the Americans were making their kids forget about their ways of living and their beliefs. The children, however, saw the Americans invitation as a way to break-dance themselves and their families. The children would happily go away with the American stra ngers thinking that everything would be better for them.Zitkala-Sa tried to show how her people were treated by Americans in her book American Indian Stories. She showed how the Indians life was before the Americans and how it had changed after the introduction of the Americans. She proved that not all of the Indians liked the white people. She proved that most of the children that left did not think of their familys way of life. She proved that when the Americans came they not only took the Indians land, they also took their people.Works CitedZitkala-Sa. American Indian Stories. University Of Nebraska Press. Lincoln and Lo

Women at Work

Assignment Article summary The article Family Coping Strategies Balancing Paid job and Domestic Labour by Meg Luxton sheds a different view on the responsibilities laid out in family life. In todays society its almost a necessity to conduct two parents working, to support a family. This fact, along with the improvement of females having independence, is the cause of the ever growing number of working women. These, along with many other statistics are showing the rapid improvement and potpourri that woman and families are showing. Year after year we can see the dynamics of the family shifting.It is not the identical anymore, that women are the housewives doing all the housework and childcare. However women still have to work to number the equality, and not have to face The insurgent shift once they get home. Husbands need to start stepping up and help out. Workplaces too need to step up, in the sense that they need to try and create better working environments for women. Union s have been formed to try to perfect benefits, and to shed light on the negative aspects they may have. This whole article shows an interesting view on family coping strategies, and gives loads for people to think about.Societys gender roles are changing significantly with the rise in the amount of women who are contributing to the yearly income of their households. It has been proven that because women are jump to contribute to household incomes it has resulted in increased satisfaction mingled with husbands and wives and excuses from males such as Im the one bringing home the money, I deserve to rest when I get home are becoming less valid. A statistics Canada survey in 1995 stated that 64% of women who worked said it was essential for their happiness and 55% hold that it was the best instruction to be independent.Females at work who are married no longer have to depend on their husbands for their needs because they are sufficient to provide them on their own. Unlike the man y women who stay with their first mate in an unhappy or abusive relationship collectable to the resource theory which is a theory that explains how women will not leave in fear that if they do they will not be able to support themselves, most working women with a stable job will easily find the strength to leave because they are more independent.Having a job gives women a sense of control of their lives and an boilersuit high self-esteem because they are recognized by their husbands as well as children for their work. Not only does it give women something to do, it also ensures stability in ones family income. hither are a few statistics that demonstrate the challenge of balancing paid employment and domestic labor within the family setting in Canada. This challenge arises because of the inequalities between what men and women earn in the work force and also because of the uneven distribution of chores in unpaid domestic labor.If we compare salaries in 1997, men had the high inco me of the couple in 77% of Canadian families. (Globe and Mail 21 Feb. 2000). This situation has however improved since the early 60s when 70% of women in male-female couples were dependent on their spouse as the sole income provider. (Oderkirk, Silver and Prudhomme 1994. ) Also when couples divorced mens incomes raised on average 10% whereas womens income usually decreased by 23% in 1997(Toronto Star 10 April 1997).Women feel pressured to work from home or part- sequence because they are frequently expected to do most of the domestic labour and this is their way to balance the two. In 1993 they represented nearly 70% of Canadian part-time workers (Ghalam 1993). On sharing of domestic labour front, are still generally the ones to do the bulk of it although men have been more active in this part of family life since the 70s. Women are involved the most in childcare. In 1998, 80 percentage of women spent more than 15 hours on childcare compared to only 49% of men (Statistics Canada 1 998a).These statistics show some improvement in the overall equality between the work load divided between men and women in families. However women are still usually found in a position of blemish compared to men. The fact that women have joined the work force doesnt seem to have impacted the way man act at home. Even though there have been many chances throughout the years on how women are seen in society and there role it, there hasnt been much change when it comes to domestic labour. It is still very sex segregated.In the past adult man were those had the primary responsibility of earning the income for the family while the role for an adult woman was to act as the housewives whose primary responsibility was running the family home, having children and caring for its members. Yet now that women share the responsibility of bringing in the income, the logic would that man also help nigh the house but instead what is now happening is that women find themselves carrying out the do uble shift, where they go to work in the morning and then they go home to cook, lean, get the kids to bed and have their things prepared for next day. Due to this unlikeness of household work between men and women, women find themselves at a disadvantage because they have to learn to balance both domestic labour and paid work, which results in them not putting as much effort in their job as they could, therefrom they do not reach their best potential which results in lack of opportunities for them. Some workplace calls their work family friendly.What this delegacy for them is women can come at work a bit earlier and leave earlier. A few women have struggled to make workplaces more cooperative for their soulfulness lives. They have fought for maternity, parental, etc. in order to take care of their love ones. Family friendly workplace as well includes women taking their specific amount of illness days (allowed days tally) to go take care of their family and once those days ende d, therefore will unpaid for additional days taken.Some will have iii weeks off to taking care of their hospitalized husband but will be paid only one week. They are basically losing 66. 7% of their paycheck due that. Those women will have to leave their husband at home to take care of themselves and will have to go back to work due to the time allowed was only three weeks. What the employers do not know is the fact they become anxious therefore difficult to focus at work. Most workplace relies on women workers who are experienced or more skilled because it is hard to replace them.Therefore, those women are more advantaged to have more privilege than others. The time you have off at work it is very limited that women will have to sacrifice in order to balance family and paid work. Employers do not understand or ignores the fact that those women have family and the time (days off allowed) given up is insufficient for them. In conclusion nowadays its harder to survive with only one income so both men and women have to bring an income to be able to accommodate to todays needs.A job for women brings a sense of control to their life and independence. Although employers have given benefits to women such as maternity leave which is great because women dont have to worry about since they will have an income coming while caring for their newborn , yet these benefits that employers give them can sometimes be seen as superficial because they know that women tend to need to leave work more often than men ( because they take care of the family) employers are most likely going to ive promotion to men or hiring men for the more important position enchant leaves women in what is known as the glass ceiling where their chances of going up in their career is reduced . Women dont only face inequality at work but they also face it at home where domestic labour is still sex segregation and women come home to the second shift where they are expected to take care of household work . We all need to realize that women are both important in the workforce and for the childrearing therefore we should encourage them to keep doing both by giving them the proper support that they deserve.

Community Teaching Plan: Teaching Experience Paper Essay

The RN to BSN program at Grand Canyon University meets the requirements for clinical competencies as delimit by the Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) and the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), using nontraditional experiences for practicing nurses. These experiences come in the form of civilize and indirect care experiences in which licensed nursing students engage in learning within the context of their hospital organization, specific care discipline, and local communities.In 1,500-2,000 words, describe the teaching experience and discuss your observations. The written portion of this assignment should includeSummary of teaching planEpidemiological rationale for topicmilitary rating of teaching experienceCommunity response to teachingAreas of strengths and areas of improvementPrepare this assignment according to the APA guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the disciple advantage Center. An abstract is not required.This assignment u ses a grading semblance. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment therefore, students should review the rubric foregoing to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the bookman Success Center. Only Word documents can be submitted to Turnitin.This assignment uses a grading rubric. Instructors will be using the rubric to grade the assignment therefore, students should review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the assignment criteria and expectations for successful completion of the assignment.You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Refer to the directions in the Student Success Center. Only Word documents can besubmitted to Turnitin.

Representation of Athletes in the Media

There has been an abundance literature on the subject of the federal agency of fe virile supporters in the media, from television reporting and newspapers to magazines and websites. From ancient Greece where it was not allowed for women to betterake in or even watch the Olympic Games and the power and independence of the Amazonian tribal warrior woman, to present day and the struggles with under bureau and misrepresentation of female athletes in enjoyment media (George, Hartley, Paris, 2001 Creedon, 1994 Bernstein, 2002).The mass media is a sociocultural machine that churns out influential images and articles about ( light) issues that reflect ideologies, determine and beliefs that shape societies attitudes towards that issue, such as the underrepresentation of female athletes and womens sport causing society to believe that womens sporting achievement and conflict in sport is inferior or of little value or less exciting then male athletes and male sport (George, Hartly, Paris, 2001 Bernsein, 2002 Dun cornerstone, 1990 Sagas et al, 2000 Economos, C. D. , Brownson, R. C. , DeAngelis, M. A. , Foerster, S. B. , Foreman, C. T. , Gregson, J. Kumanyika, S. K. and Pate, R. R. , 2001). Harris (1999) puts it that the attitudes towards the institution of sport generate and instigate sexist ideologies and beliefs about gender ( 98). The literature focusses its research analysis on two main underlying issues, these being the amount of reporting and secondly, the type of representation created in the mass media of female athletes and womens sport. These issues stool be broken down further into sub-issues which focus on the representation of women in visual media photos, verbal descriptors commentary, contextual articles (Alexander, 1994 Bernstein, 2002).The amount of coverage in all mass media forms in certain time frames argon usually consisting of the analysis of media revolving around the largest sporting topic in history The Olympics. It has been proven th at aside from the two weeks every four classs for the Olympics and arguably the two weeks for the Commonwealth Games, sport media coverage of female sports is just about forgotten, non-existent or even ignored (Jones, 2006), for precedent less than 10 per cent of coverage increases to an average of 26 per cent during major sporting events such as the Olympics (Bruce, 2008).The medias coverage of female athletes does not carry a fair portrayal of women in sport but serves to reinforce ideologies that women ar inferior and are sociablely constructed as an alternative to their male counterparts, who tender the version of the sport that really counts (Jones and Jackson, 1999. p 99). Many of the substances in which media has been found to represent women can be deconstructed in the photographs used in the media.Lee (1992) found, in his analysis of the Globe and Mail and the New York Times coverage of the 1984 and the 1988 Olympic Games, that male athletes received 60. 4% of the ph otographic coverage in parallel with the female athletes who had only 26%. So we can already begin to understand how the media is responsible for this under and shed representations of female athletes.Vincent, Imwold, Masemann and Johnson (2002) suggests 4 ways in which one can break down the denotations of imagery 1 Competitive where the athlete is actively pictured partaking in his/her sport, 2 Non-competitive this is when an athlete is not actively participating in the sport but is in a setting whereby the sport is apparent, 3 Active the athlete is physically doing something other than the sport, for example spectating, 3 Posed when the athlete is depicted in a non-sport setting and is affectationd for the camera.Duncan (1990) suggests women represent otherness in photographs when in that respect is a focus on A) womens physical appearance (the best looking, best kept athletes are captured more, B) poses with sexual connotations (images revealing trunk prats to check sof t-core pornography), C) displays of emotion (tearful athletes, in victory or defeat) and D) sexual differences (women being passive and men as active).So, female athletes being pictured in a way that suggests passiveness, sexually difference and non-competitiveness, for example, will only function to perpetuate otherness and inferiority in the sport, therefore cause to devalue and marginalise the accomplishments of female athletes (Jones, 2006). When female athletes do get high percentages of photographic coverage in the media, the photographs depict the female athletes in a passive or non-athletic role.Boutlilier and SanGoivannis (1983) study of the 25 year special edition of Sports Illustrated found 60 per cent of the photos of women showed them in this way and those photos depicting men in the same way was only 44 per cent. It can be argued this is because, in western culture, women that show traits of active physicality, toughness and aggressiveness are seen in the eyes of socie ty as sapphic, due to these classically masculine sporting characteristics (Kane and Lenskyj, 1989).Homosexuality is only just being appreciated as a socio-acceptable sexuality, France is set to legalize same-sex marriages in 2013. But at the moment it would seem that sporting ideologies are freighter the times as far as progression in social mixed bags are concerned. In sport it can be seen as a threat to the male dominance that surrounds sport. A lesbian presence in sport is a threat because it disrupts and challenges the male hegemony by upsetting animate power structures based on gender and sexuality (Kane and Lenskyj, 1989, p. 89), this leads to the media and the sporting industry to underrepresent female athletes and/or fix the female athletes with a heterosexual role, like wife or mother, or emphasize their heterosexuality with heterosexy images (Griffin, 1992, p 225 Kane and Lenskyj, 1989). Heterosexy images can best be explained like this, for women, being an athlete c ontradicts the conventional female roles, and thus the media coverage emphazises other aspects of their femaleness (such as their attractiveness) (Knight and Giuliano, 2002, p 219).Martina Narvatiolva, a professional tennis player who won 18 Grand slam titles through the 80s, has always been chip in about her homosexuality and due to this fact received less endorsements and sponsorships throughout her career than her predecessor Chris Evert (Creedon, 1998). These two female tennis players both won the same amount of Grand slam singles titles, so it seems like a blatant strike against those who challenge dominating beliefs about male hegemony in sport.Others have learned from this, Nelson (1991) remarks on the LPGA (Ladies Pro Golf Association) and how the sponsors, LPGA staff, and players attempt to play up marriages and mothers, employ an image consultant to serve as hairstylist and finalise artists and maintaina silence so loud it screams. Sponsors are only interested in sport which gains the most coverage, womens sport and female athletes do not feature enough in the media for the sponsors to be interested, therefore when females are glammed up and conforming to heterosexy images like mother or wife, they are more take away for mass media coverage (Berstein, 2002).What has happened and is happening in womens sport is that women find themselves emphasizing their femininity so that they do not get pigeonholed as socially different, Del Ray (1978) and Felshin (1981) call this the apologetic approach theory. Women such as Jessica Ennis are encouraged to note like they have to be overtly feminine, for example pose for fashion magazines and take part in interviews which constantly undermine the achievements of female athletes. Female athletes are conforming to a very old patriarchal political orientation of women that is increasingly forgotten in society but is very much the way in sport.This again is proof to what has previously been stated, that sporting ideologies are behind the times in regards to social change. The modern Olympic Games were reborn and were reserved for men only in the frontmost modern Olympics in 1896 there were not female participants. In the 1900 Games onward the number of women competing gradually grew until one millennia later more athletes competed that ever in 188 events including womens weightlifting (Berstein, 2002) and now in 2012 is the first ever Olympics to allow female boxing.Women who compete in, what are considered male allow sports are said to be challenging traditional gender role expectations and so are going against the grain of conventional ideologies in sport and society (Creedon, 1994). Boxing is absolutely seen as a male dominated sport and so are many others such as rugby, football, basketball and weightlifting, these are considered as male appropriate sports.The idea of male and female appropriate sports further increases the social differences between men and women in sport and by imbe dding this social dichotomy sexual (physical) difference becomes gender (social) difference (Lenskyj, 1987 Kane and Greendorfer, 1994). This suggests that men and women in sport are equal to partake in any sport but the sport and media industry, by means of this segregation, are prescribing to male dominance through gender appropriating sports.For example, Tuggle and Owens (1999) study of the 1996 Olympic Games discovered female athletes were more likely to receive media attention if they competed in female appropriate sports. They found that 61 per cent of media coverage of women was concentrated on swimming, diving and gymnastics. These sports, along with the likes of ice skating and tennis, are ranked more sex appropriate for women because they comprise of graceful, smooth and fluid body movements that require no heavy bodily contact or contests of strength and aggression (Colley, Nash, ODonnell and Restorick, 1987 Metheny, 1967).If mens sport and therein masculinity is delimit and associated with aggression and violence, then female athletes who take part in these sports are seen to cross the gap and are socially viewed as men and as lesbian and also vice-versa, male athletes whos sports consists of diving and ice skating are seen and women and therefore soft and homosexual (Eisler, 1987). With such a divide in sport, towards male and female, and the medias bias of representation and coverage towards male sport and male athletes then it can only lead the public opinion to assume that female athletes are the social other and less important than male athletes.Sabo and Curry Jansen (1992. 176) put that the skills and strengths of women athletes are often devalued in comparison to cultural standards linked to dominant standards of male athletic excellence, which emphasize the cultural equivalences of hegemonic power, self-control, success, agency and aggression. The dichotomy can be argued as a good thing to inspire young women to play sport, according to one Australian female athlete who posed for a sexy schedule.She said it was nice to feel like a women because you just feel like a dog after training with your hair all wet (Stars back glamour for promotion, 1994). She went on to say how young girls straightaway are turned off by sport because they dont want to look muscle bound and sweaty and grimy and that glamorous sportswomen in the calendar would encourage girls to participate (Wells, 1994). It would seem that due to the underrepresentation of womens sport in the media, young girls only see men in sport so mechanically will assume they will become muscle bound and hairy.The company that produced the calendar said that the public image of female athletes is masculine with hairy armpits and the calendar presented women who appeared feminine, soft and sexy (Games girls fund-raising, 1994). However, one can argue that this type of encouragement into sport will have negative influences on young women such as the hyper-feminine athlet e competing for recognition through her attractiveness instead of her achievements, leading away from social change and backing the patriarchal beliefs in sport. Anna Kournikova is a good example case study of this theory.Anna was dubbed tenniss pin-up girl and in the year 2000 Kournikova was ranked 8th in the world. Usually an 8th seed or and 8th ranked would very rarely get a mention in the media but as one web-based writer put it the Anna Kournikova phenomenon proves you dont need to win tournaments to get your name- and photo- in the media (see Thomas, 2001). Kournikova herself and the people surrounding her orchestrate the type of media coverage and hype she generatesAs a result she has made millions from endorsements and was ranked No. 4 on this years Forbes celebrity 100 higher than any other sportswomen (Thomas, 2001). Is the underlying message to young women you have to be attractive to succeed in sport or is it to succeed in sport, like anything else, you need to have the drive, motivation and skills. Mackay (1999) says there is a definitely a positive from athletes such as Kournikova in that girls are encouraged by her to run around and get sweaty and that twenty years ago this was not considered feminine.Perhaps further young women into sports this way and increasing the numbers of women in sport will force the media to change the way they represent women in the future. Gender marked sports/ appropriate sports. Leads to Language and stereotypes Journalists and reporters mainly male, women dont want to cover females, it doesnt pay aswell. With the passing of Title IX, which sates no personshall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in,any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance,(Title IX, Education Amendments of 1972), so many young women now actively take part in sports.For example, in the United States 2 million young women compared to just 300 000 now take part in school sports (Becker, 1988 National league of State High School Associations, 1991). So, all this new interest and up-and-coming talent and increased investments there has been post Title IX, $4 million in 1974 to $16 million (Sullivan, 1985), it begs the question of why is the media not making any attempts to break out of the patriarchal belief system and encourage social change through the images in puts out? Also, whos interests is it to portray and promote the modern female athletes as role models (Kane and Greendorfer, 1994).

Acid-Base Titration Lab

Acid-Base Titration Objectives 1. To titrate a hydrochloric acid solution of unknown concentration with standardized 0. 10M sodium hydroxide. 2. To utilize the titration data to calculate the grand of the hydrochloric acid. Materials hold in handout for more info. Procedure See handout for more info. Data and Calculations Table 1 Volume of NaOH Required to Neutralize 10. 00mL of Unknown HCl Molarity of NaOh tribulation 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Trial 4 Initial Volume of NaOH(mL) 0. 0 11. 00 20. 85 30. 45 Final Volume of NaOH(mL) 11. 00 20. 85 30. 45 39. 98 Volume of NaOH used(mL) 11. 00 (Cancel out) 9. 85 9. 60 9. 53 Average Volume of NaOH = (9. 85+9. 60+9. 53)/3 = 9. 66mL Sample Calculations (9. 85+9. 60+9. 53)/3 = 9. 66mL The average volume of NaOH used. Calculations 1. Moles NaOH = M x V = (0. 1M) (0. 00966L) = 0. 000966 moles 2. Moles HCl = moles NaOH 0. 000966 moles - 9. 6610-4 3. NaOH + HCl = NaCl + H2O Moles NaOH = M x V = (0. M)(0. 00966L) = 0. 000966 moles Moles HCl = moles NaOH HCl = moles/volumes = (0. 000966)/ (0. 0096L) HCl = 0. 1M Follow-up Questions 1. It allow have no nucleus because the phenolphthalein only changes color depending on the pH level. Adding substances that will not change the pH level will have no effect. 2. We rinsed out the buret with NaOH, it is to squander any leftover acids that may have existed from previous experiments that the buret may have been used in. 4.When we added the NaOH, it instantly neutralized the HCl but because of HCl having more moles inside the beaker, the trim HCl instantly reverting the system back into a base. 5. HCl = 0. 1M pH = -logHCl pH = -log(0. 1M) pH = 1 Conclusion By using the titration data, we found out that the molarity of HCl is equal to the concentration of NaOH. This happens because the system is in a one-to-one relationship between the two compounds. If we use the same amount of volume of HCl and NaOH, and mix the two, it will reach to a neutral pH value.

Stop Welfare Abuse to Build the Work Ethics

Valbona Bajrami Stop well-being abuse to build the work ethics America the promised land, America with 37 million poor citizens living under welfare recipients But, are each(prenominal) these citizenry really poor? Are all these people in real need to live in the shoulders of American impose returner, or are they spineless creatures who abuse state benefits? These questions deserve to be answers for all taxpayers who not only sweat by working, but they must also pay for all those that are nought more than parasites.Our government is all about training these people to live in scantiness and in return they save children who grow up to believe that the government should pay their way. According to the Census report, 11. 3 percent to 15. 1 percent of the population was living in poverty over the past 20 years. Around 45 percent of them own their own homes, have car, cable, and satellite TV. Overall, when Obama became president, he decided to equip with mobile phones all those who convey welfare.The average poor American has more living space than the average individual not classified as poor living passim Europe. The number of teen pregnancy increases day by day, and unfortunately the most of them were raised in circle of poverty and dependent on the benefits of welfare. What is poverty and then? The word poverty suggests destitution an inability to provide a family with nutritious fare for thought, clothing, and reasonable shelter, so the above mentioned facts do not show any tier of poverty.It seems that collecting welfare has become a way of life for some, which caused laziness, increased the number of drug users, increase of family violence because they dont have nothing else to do except to attract and seek benefits from state. They prefer to be let go from work so that they can get paid to sit on their behind. Now the government plans to let the food stamp card to be used in fast food chains and buy junk food instead of cooking? This has to stop Some tax payers cant afford to eat out, now these irresponsible people want us to pay for their fast food?Wake up law maker, we are tired of this. Drug test them and let the people vote whether they want to be so generous with their tax dollars or not. Give them 3 months to get back on their feet, and then shut them off because they apparently are not aware that they are minus their children by learning them to live in cycle of welfare. Reported cases of child abuse and neglect among poor children is almost 7 times as owing(p) as the incidence among non-poor children .These people complain about their living budget, always in search of humanitarian organizations and often complain that the state is not fulfilling their needs. Because of their behavior the famous quote of Douglas Coupland comes to my mind Blame is just a lazy persons way of making sense of chaos. I see people my age who receive unemployment checks, food stamps you name it, and they are doing absolutely nothing to change it, even turning down advancements at their jobs so they can continue to receive the aforementioned(prenominal) amount of aide.It is important to recognize that job opportunities do exist for individuals go outing to accept them. The government should end welfare because there are more people that abuse it then need it. People on welfare do not respect the value and hard work of US taxpayers. It is really touch that they dont do anything to better themselves. If we stop the welfare, poor people would be more likely to go to work, starting to climb the ladder that will lead out of poverty and teach their kids the value of education and work ethic.

Principles Of Personal Development Essay

Social workers follow certain standards that break dance guidance on shipway of working that have been identified as good practice. These standards include legal requirements (regulations) codes of practice national occupation standards (for training in different job roles) token(prenominal) standardsIdentify two standards for each of the different aspects of social do work listed below.see moreprinciples of personal development in adult social care redresstingsAi Confidentiality and sharing info1. Legal essential Data Protection Act2. National Occupation Standards Quality and SafetyAii Equality and diversity1. legislation of shape Equality Act2. National Occupation Standards Quality and Safety Aiii Health and safety1. Legal Requirement Manual Handling Regulations2. Legal Requirement Health and Safety at Work ActAiv Personal development1. National Occupation Standards Quality and Safety2. Codes of Practice GSCC Av Safeguarding and protection1. Codes of Practice GSCC2. N ational Occupation Standards Quality and SafetyAvi Explain what a PDP is, and what it should includeA PDP is a Personal Development Plan. A PDP is a written catalogue that is agreed upon between you and or employer. A PDP will include information about what qualifications you have, training you have got and what training you still need to do. What goals you have set for yourself, what you feel you can improve on and what your employer thinks you need to improve on.Avii Identify three people who might be involved in providing information and feed rearward for a personal development plan1. Matron2. Senior Staff3. Service UsersAviii List three different ways your own learning and development might be supported1. Appraisals2. Encouraging feedback from senior members of staff/service users3. CoursesAix List four different ways that a personal development plan whitethorn benefit your learning and development1. Setting own realistic goals that helps you achieve the best you can2. Orga nisation can help improve reaching measure limits3. Improvement can easily be achieved4. Making sure you are reaching you goals and what you can do to change itTask B Case reportJenna supports individuals living in their own homes and is having her first appraisal/review with her supervisor, Fatima. Fatima tells her that she can be trusted to use her own initiative, which is consequential because she works alone for overmuch of the time. She is told that she is very reliable and caring. Feedback from individuals about her work is generally positive, but there has been a complaint from one service user who says he feels rushed and finds her vogue rude. Jenna tells Fatima that she disapproves of some of his ways, which are against her beliefs, but had not realised that this showed in her attitude.Bi Describe how Jenna should ensure that her personal attitudes and beliefs do not affect her workJenna necessitate to make sure that her personal believes are put aside, respecting th e service users needs are more important than a personal opinion which may differ. memory work and personal life separate is crucial when working with others.Bii Explain why it is important to reflect on your work activitiesReflecting on work activities is an important way for developing your knowledge and skills. Looking back on what you have done in the day will allow you to pick up on things you thought you could have done differently, find weaknesses and improve.Task C Reflective accountCi Think of a learning activity you have taken part in that has change your knowledge, skills and understanding. The activity may have been a training session, a demonstration of practice, learning a new skill or a research activity Give a description of experience and how did this experience improve your knowledge, skills and understanding? When I first started in the caring fabrication I was lucky to have training in manual handling quite soon on, I was starting to feel my back hurting an d determination it tricky to work together with the other carer when using the hoist/stand abet. After the training session I now know how to save my back from feeling the strain by make sure everything is in a good level reach and that communication when using the hoist and stand aid is important to both members of staff to reach the goal and for the service user to be safe.Cii Think of an example of a time you have received feedback from others than has improved your knowledge, skills and understanding. This may have been from your assessor, tutor, a supervisor or line manager, or individuals using the service. Give a Description of feedback and how did this experience improve your knowledge, skills and understanding? When starting, eating was one of my down falls. I used to get frightened I was going to choke someone, or course someone to aspirate. Whenever I could get information on individuals feeding habits I would make a point in asking. I would ask people for advice whic h really helped and would watch other people give feeding aid at lunch/dinner times. I received the best feedback on another carer when they showed me how they feed one individual, making sure you mark off when they swallow. Ever since I have been more confident and I might still need improving in it, I do feel like I can safely feed someone.

Analysis of Starbucks coffee company’ employees misunderstanding using organizational behaviour approach Essay

Analysis of Starbucks coffee fraternity employees interpret using organisational demeanor approachIntroduction In e precise organization, organization behaviour is very key at every directs of employees from caution to workers. giving medicational behaviour deals the necessitate of personality of individuals or characteristic of a group in an organization together with congenital processes of an organization in order to determine the impellingness of the organization or develop a firmness of purpose (Hellriegel, & Slocum, 2010 p. 5). It helps people to act, downstairsstand each early(a) and find solution to behavioural chores, which culminate in improved working environment therefore resulting to improved productivity. Therefore, it is all-important(prenominal) for counsel to ensure that hard-hitting employees legitimate behaviour is maintained finishedout the organization. It is important to understand organization behaviour so that ratiocination making process and requirements of employees argon computer addressed in the opera hat way of lifes that would not affect performance of a beau monde (Mullins, 2013 p. 77). This paper will involve solving organization problem that faced Starbucks coffee berry telephoner in 2005. The problem involved misunderstandings between employees and anxiety resulting in communication problem in the companionship, which greatly bear on its productivity in New Zealand (Mark, 2013 p. 10). The problem caused employees dissatisfaction and lack of motivation and thus giving poor services that in turn decreased production output and thus the troupe making losses. The misunderstanding between employees and oversight led to change of employees behaviour and so it was important to change their behaviour in order to realize the productivity of the club. Employees dissatisfaction and misunderstanding in an organization causes low-spirited commitment from employees thus poignant the performance of a n organization (Hellriegel, & Slocum, 2010 p. 502). Although the problem could be addressed using various organizational techniques such as organizational maturation, organizational behaviour approach remained the best technique to find the solution of the matter so as to improve the potence of the company. Starbucks coffee company is a multinational corporation (MNC) that was started in Seattle in 1971 (Starbucks Coffee Company, 2014 b Company Information. Starbucks Coffee Company). The company specialises in coffee and coffee products. It has its stores established crosswise the six continents with most of the market being concentrated in America, Europe and Asia. The company has more than 15,000 stores in more than 50 countries in six continents. The company performance and productivity increased steadily over years becoming among the best coffee selling company in the world. It continued evolution and development led to opening of a new store in New Zealand in 1998 (Sta rbucks coffee company, 2014 a Extends the Starbucks brand into grocery channels across the U.S. Launches Starbucks.com). In New Zealand, Starbucks has more than 29 stores and over 3,700 employees serving more than 60,000 customers every day operating under restaurant Brands franchise (Starbucks Coffee Company, 2014 c Starbucks Coffee Company New Zealand Restaurant Brands, 2014 About Us-Restaurant brands). Similarly, the store in New Zealand has improved growth and development giving it advantage in the market. However, poor management in 2005 led to it making losses due to misunderstanding between employees and management. Communication barrier caused by misunderstandings were the major causes of its poor performance (Phillips, & Gully, 2012 p. 497). The companys organization refinement involves innovative products such as wifi coffee house and employees motivation through reward and attractive remunerations. Similarly, the company advocated for organizational culture where hi ghly trained employees give high quality services to clients through exceptional performances that has rewards (Moncarz, Zhao, & Kay, 2009 p. 447). This culture has en competentd the company to have competitive advantage and be commensurate to command a large share of market in all its stores opened across the globe. New Zealand is one of the openings that has also had an exceptional growth and contributed to the growth of the company. However, the growth was halt in 2005 when the company suffered loss that was caused by misunderstanding between various levels of management. The misunderstanding was a result of a termination do by the management not to increase their wages to $ 12 per hour as employees had requested. The company has also been said to discriminate its employees by giving low wages as evidenced in Starbucks stores in New York (Bussing-Burks, 2009 p. 90). The decision affected the relationship between employees and management. Moreover, the performance of the employ ees was negatively affected and as a result the behaviour of the employees changed from the culture of exceptional performance and quality services to employees thus affecting the companys performance. In every organization, employees and managements operate under a pre-established behaviour that ensures its effectiveness. A positive(p) behaviour must be maintained or improved so as to improve the performance of the company (Luthans, & Youssef, 2007 p. 337). Therefore, the management must ensure an optimum business environment is highly maintained so as to maintain the behaviour of employees at the most effective and fruitful level. Consequently, management should try to maintain their management behaviour because their behaviour can influence that of the employees (Gelf, Erez, & Aycan, 2007 p. 494). The combination of this behaviour towards the effectiveness of an organization ensures that a positive culture is maintained and that the organization is able to maintain its pro ductivity, growth and development. Similarly, solutions to crises are easily laid off. In order to address this problem, organizational behaviour patterns or theories were useful in encouraging the employees and management to change their behaviours and adapt their past or new behaviour that would ensure effectiveness in the company. Some abstractive approaches to this problem included systems, neo- gentleman relations, decision-making, scientific leaders, human relations, and bureaucratic approach (Mullins, 2013 p. 43). The organizational behaviour models are important in addressing human behaviours and understandings their relations for effective slaying of changes that would ensure companys productivity in maintained and improved. Neo-human relations approach entails how an organization is able to define structures of management in a way that it is able to motivate employees through satisfying their basic needfully and giving attractive remunerations. The model helps in addressing employees dissatisfaction (Mawhinney, 2011 p. 313). In addition, the approach focuses on the needs to address to the employees issues such as salary increment and other needs. An organization that uses this approach is able to maintain it high predominance and growth. A solution to the problem at Starbucks coffee company required management adapt to neo-human approach by making sure that the needs of the employees could be attended. The solution could be realised if management could increase plan to increase the salary of the employees to $ 12. The increment could be promised to be done in phases so that the financial performance of the company would not be affected. Consequently, employees motivation could b e achieved that could results in increased productivity of the company. However, leaving the situation without a solution would result in strikes, which would further affect the news report of the company in addition employees reduced performance. Organization t hat does not understand the behaviour of the employees fails to meet the needs of employees and this may cause passive participation and underground in place of work (Bloisi, Cook, & Hunsaker, 2007p. 113). Strikes coupled to employees underperformance could greatly affect the company and can cause its collapse if an immediate action could be delayed. From this approach, the responsibilities of leaders are to hold back sure that the goals of workers are achieved so that they can facilitate the achievement of the companys goals (Bratton, 2010 p. 200). Decision making model would also be an important approach to address the problem with Starbucks coffee company. In decision making model, a decision that is arrived at is not a necessarily an optimal solution but a solution that benefits all the parties and enhance the performance of the company (Klein, 2008 p. 457). The decision making model optimise the change of behaviour that is goal oriented. The manner in which a decision is made is important in a company (Griffin, & Moorhead, 2013 p. 215). An organization that is able to make ethical decisions have high probably hood of succeeding and achieving high growth. Poor decision making results in poor management and misunderstanding between the management and employees and end up affecting the performance of the company negatively (Stein, 2010 p. 87). This is what was experienced in Starbucks Company in year 2005. The decision to decline to raise the payments of employees without a major reason or a proper communication caused the management to find themselves in a crisis of management and performance of the company. The problem can be addressed through ethical decision making process where all the stakeholders are involved in decision making (Punnett, 2009 p. 31). In ethical decision making, the views of the employees could have been addressed and that of the company ending up in a compromising situation where both parties issues are met in agreement. The figure 1 above showing a decision making problem that helps an organization to limit unethical decisions that could affect the performance of the company. The decision to decline wage increment was supposed to follow all the step while involving stakeholders and thus the decision would not have affected the employees behaviour. The problem in Starbucks could also be addressed using scientific leadership model. In this model, the efficiency in work place can be monitored and adjusted accordingly using various leadership skills such as charisma (Nelson, & Quick, 2012 p. 443). The model is useful in understanding the objective and goals of the company so that every issue or problem is addressed in accordance to the goal of the company (Borkowski, 2011 p. 201). In this model, managers are the overall supervisors of the company and that they should make sure that the company does not lose for their mismanagement. For this reason, managers assign job to employees and monitor so that they are able to give an output of a quality work. Therefore, the management was responsible to manage the work of employees throughout so that they would have made sure that every employee was productive and thus preventing underperformances during the crisis period (Punnett, 2009). The approach makes sure that the goal of the company is always on the focus and so its growth is not compromised irrespective of the problem. Starbucks management had failed to utilize this approach and they left the company to be controlled by employees changed behaviour thus low performance. The model is important to every company that is facing employees performance crisis so that they performance of the company remain on focus. The figure 2 above shows the model for scientific leadership models. The decision that is made is focused on the solution as shown in the figure above. All the other factors should be considered ensuring that goal of the company is not compromised. Human rel ations or organization behavioural surmisal is another model that is best for addressing the problem at Starbucks. It bias important for an organization to understand the behaviour of employees other than economic value such as wages (Netting, & OConnor, 2013 human relations). How workers relate with each other in place of work determines their performance in places of work and known as Hawthorne heart and soul (Dalton, Hoyle, & Watts, 2011 P. 13). The model was found to be operational in both informal and formal organization. A good relation between employees and management allows smooth decision making resulting in quick and better solution. In addition, good interpersonal relation in an organization helps to improve the performance of employees and workers (Reece, 2014 p. 5). This model would have allowed the management to make appropriate decision on the workers pay and prevent misunderstanding thus maintaining the performance of the company. System model would also be im portant in addressing misunderstanding problem that led to poor performance of Starbucks coffee company. In this approach the company is able to measure the output in respect to internal operations. The management is able to monitor all the production processes and be able to evaluate the performance of the company on the basis of employees productivity (Mbanote, 2011 Models of organizational behaviour). Therefore, the management would have been able to realise that there was a problem before hand and employ various management skills before a problem could erupt. When productivity of employees decline, the management finds the immediate cause and addresses the problem giving an immediate and effective decision (Noble, 2014 p. 15). The problem of employees payment would have been addressed before the company could make losses through low productivity. Consequently, the employees would not have reached to the extent of dissatisfaction and reduced performance. Thereby, the performance of the company would not have been affected. Contingency model is another important organizational behaviour theory that was useful for Starbucks coffee company. In contingency model, a situation forces adaptation of the best leadership skills (Tushman, & Romanelli, 2008 p. 174). In other words, it is situational leadership skills that leader are capable of developing in order to adjust their leadership and relationship behaviour to address the situation at hand. The model was develop by a management theorist named Fred Fiedler in 1967 (Singh, 2010 p. 275). In Starbucks coffee company, the effectiveness of leaders in the customary situation was important in addressing employees dissatisfaction in their decision. The contingency models require leaders to adjust with the situation so that the performance of an organization is not affected. However, the management in Starbucks New Zealand Company compromised on the prevailing situation resulting in decreased performance of emplo yees and productivity of the company. The case required an immediate decision that would have maintained the motivation of employees and job satisfaction. An immediate merging with employees union leaders and addressing the issue would have kept the hope of employees a live and they would have continued performing at their level best thus the growth and productivity of the company would have been maintained. Moreover, reverse of the decision and initiation of a new process to make an alternative decision that would involve all the employees representatives and other stakeholders would have calmed the situation. This would have prevented employees from changing their behaviour and focus on the goal of the company to improve its productivity. Contingency model of leadership is one of organizational behaviour that has been adapted by many corporations that have found themselves in crisis and needs to save the company (Zaccaro, 2007 P. 6). Bureaucracy model is one of the managemen t models that is highly used in Starbucks coffee company. The level of management is divided in levels of management and this make it difficult for employees to interact with the top management directly. The high level of bureaucracy serves as an obstacle of employees to air their grievances and thus any decision or problem must be addressed through a gradable process making it to take a lot of time (Greenberg, 2013 bureaucratic model-ideal types). In the case that happened to Starbucks would have been solved in good time and lessen the effect that was caused by the situation. However, the decision had to follow a protocol that took a lot of time and some of the decisions were being objected at different levels. Therefore, employees got impatient and they started reiterating through low performance and low productivity that affected greatly the performance of the company. Bureaucratic model of organization management requires solution to situations that are not pressing and that m ay not affect the productivity and effectiveness of the company (Boin, & Hart, 2007 p. 43). An urgent situation requires quick decision making and action before an organization is affected negatively. Therefore, urgent solution was required in Starbuck and so bureaucratic model was not appropriate.Conclusion Organization behaviour is the study how individual and groups of people interact with the internal processes of an organization with respect to effectiveness of a company. Starbucks coffee company experienced a change in behaviour of employees in New Zealand by and by a misunderstanding on the increment of wages to $ 12 a day. The employees change of behaviour affected the effectiveness of the company resulting to poor economic performance. Therefore, it was prerequisite for the company to apply various organization behaviour models or theories in order to understand and address the change in behaviour so that the effectiveness of the company in providing services and pro ducts could be resumed. Some of the models included neo-human relations, which entailed an approach that ensured that management could be able to motivate employees through satisfying their basic needs and giving attractive remunerations that would result in change of behaviour and thus affectivity in the company. In addition, other models that were important in addressing the problem at Starbuck were human relations, contingency leadership model, system model, scientific leadership model, decision making model, and bureaucratic models. The models are important in shaping the management and employees behaviour towards effective performance of the organization. These models of organization behaviour did not come into play before the crisis and immediately after the crisis thus affecting the performance or the organization negatively.ReferencesBloisi, W., Cook, C. W., & Hunsaker, P. L. 2007. guidance and organisational behaviour. London u.a. McGraw-Hill Education.Boin, A., & Hart, P. T. 2007. The crisis approach. In Handbook of disaster research (pp. 42-54). Springer New York.Borkowski, N. 2011.Organizational behavior in health care. Sudbury, Mass Jones and Bartlett Publishers.Bratton, J. 2010.Work and organizational behaviour. Basingstoke Palgrave Macmillan.Bussing-Burks, M. 2009.Starbucks. Santa Barbara, Calif Greenwood Press.Dalton, M., Hoyle, D. G., & Watts, M. W. 2011.Human relations. Australia South-Western Cengage Learning.Gelf, Erez, M., & Aycan, Z. 2007. Cross-cultural organizational behavior. Annu. Rev. 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Trait-based perspectives of leadership. American Psychologist, 62(1), 6.Source document

People Today Move to New Cities Essay

People today move to mod cities or new countries more then ever before.what challenges do they experience ?what strateges are at that place to meet these challenges? Moving to a new place, either within a country or overseas, is a very overweight situation. unity must take several haveations before leaving the home where a person grew and live for galore(postnominal) years. People who are planning to relocate should know the big challenges ahead and they must also check off to take note of the strategies in facing these upcoming changes.Humankind has many reasons for leaving their hometown and trying to alloy and mingle with other races. Most if them will move temporarily for the sake of their career, for them to be able to get through new experiences, to search for a senior high paying job or simply for promotion. While others relocate permanently to be with their husband and wife. Some search for a new place to live in just to try different locations and environment.Most of the expatriates claimed that they had a hard time adapting to a new world. It is not really that easy to move away from one and only(a)s family and work without knowing how long one would stay far away from home. One of the big challenges in these kind of situation is homesickness. The family is celebrating a unbiased event and friends are having their new routines without ones presence. Having a phone call is becoming hard for them, making the separated loved one sad and lonely. Another thing to take in consider is the location of the new soon to be haven. If it is safe, as well as the people and environment that surrounds it. If there will be a near department stores, groceries, bank and other daily things to be needed. beforehand moving to a different site, one must first search for the specific details of that place. same for example, the cost of living, a person might not want to be surprise with a high cost of living, especially to those who have kids. Furthermore, to a career-oriented ones, they should know if the city or a country has a good economy for them to anticipate a good pay. As well as learning in advance the culture of the place in order for them to avoid culture shock and deal with it easily. relocating to a new world is a bad idea to some people. So, a person must be prepared to face the major changes and open-mindedly accept the inevitable challenges to make a successful transfer.

With specific focus on Anthem for Doomed Youth evaluate the methods the poet uses to bring across his convictions, feelings and ideas

Who longs to charge and shoot,Do you my laddie.This jingoistic wartime numbers by Jessie Pope ignites Owens ire at these false clinical depressions of war. This is evident in such poems as Dulce et Decorum est, origin eithery penned towards Pope, hence the sign title, To a Certain Poetess. Owens senses were charred at the sight of the suffering of the troops, such accusations about the nature of state of war fuelling the malice of his work. Owen never openly retaliates, instead opting to include his resent custodyt towards writers like Pope in his poems. Owen oft conveys his convictions of scattered youth in Anthem For Doomed Youth by referring to the hands of boys, evidently refusing to acknowledge the maturity of the men.Owens numerous references to religious symbols heightens the effect of his poems. In Anthem, we hear the demented choirs of wailing s blazings. Angelic choirs argon ironically re verse lined as Owen negates Christian ritual as organismness unfitting for those who die amid let loose shells. In rational Cases, we also bear witness to Biblical images, asking if we arSleeping, and walk hellBut who these unhallowed?Owen lots compares war to Hell, study soldiers to creatures undergoing eternal torment, Wherefore rock they, purgatorial shadows. This adds to the created impression of those driven mad by war, as he asks if the multitudinous murders these men have committed has damned them to Hell. Owen insists these soldiers are not to blame, for we dealt them this tormented fate. Anthem is a similar reversal, where Owen utilizes heavenly elements, orisons. Yet, these spiritual references are use negatively the only true regret is the holy glimmers of goodbyes in the dying soldiers eyes. The splendidness of Heaven and God is ignored, ext conclusioning the execrable impact of the poem on the reader, as similar devilish imagery is used in another(prenominal) poems, such as the gas dupes devil sick of sunshine face in Dulce. This im agery is so contorted it is unearthly, and catch up withmingly impossible just as the devil bonnie tired of sinning is impossible. Owens verbal images are parallel to artwork of the time, in particular Otto Dixs Assault Under Gas, shown below.In this art piece, Dix mirrors the tortured, hellish scenes of Dulce, with the cries of Gas almost audible. The visual imagery suggests the mental effects of the attacks on the soldiers, mettlesomelighted by the colour white-haired(a) as if life had been drained from them. Owen would have been aware of this, as he was treated at Craiglockhart infirmary for shellshock, amongst men whose slumbers were morbid and terrifying.In Futility, the image of the Sun is frequently used. It is often associated with life and its joys, however, Owen is very nipping in his reversal of the sun, first writingIf anything might rouse him nowThe kind old sun will know.Owen then goes on to criticise the Sun, labelling it as useless. He asks why we are created and given fond life, when war destroys everything of valueO what made fatuous sunbeams toilTo break earths sleep at all?Owen also adopts animal imagery to his poems to further the displayed messages. In Anthem, Owens opening line contains the powerful simile comparing soldiers as those, who die as cattle? referring to the high numbers of dead soldiers, especially unexampled soldiers, organism cut down in their prime, just as cattle would. Owen suggests they were grown for a specific grounds (to fight), and killed once they had met their purpose (being slaughtered on the battlefield). In Owens first draft of Anthem, written, with guidance from Siegfried Sassoon, in Craiglockhart, he evince the cattle reference as an emotional jeer at the overly ambitious generals who used the men as ordurenon fodder.The parallel to animals is used to great effect. In Dulce et Decorum est, Owen details the men who had lost their boots, limped on, blood-shod. Boots and shod remind us of the horses used in the war, who had iron-shod shoes portraying men as if they were beasts of burden, slumbering forrad with heavy loads on their back the worry and terror of what would face them weighing the men down. We see the effects of such an affliction in Mental Cases, where the jaws that slob their relish disparage us who dealt them war and madness by pawing. Such quotes accentuate the dehumanisation of these men that once sang their way, signalling the end of their transition into rocking wrecks.Owen recreates the horrors of war through his gruesome graphic imagery, particularly in Dulces green sea, where the floundring of the victim smothers his dreams. The realisation of such a sight is alarming to the reader. Even in Owens time, such a interpretation would shock the reader into picturing the sick of sin intermission face. Owens passion displays the real effects of such a grim and monstrous war, trying desperately to erase the false screen created by such jingoistic writers as Pope.One of Owens tendencies is to incorporate intense sounds to support the potent imageryWe were caught in a tornado of shellsThis extract, from one of Owens letters, provides insight into his writing of AnthemThe shrill, demented choirs of wailing shellsOwen uses his submerged memories of war to great effect, frequently applying onomatopoeia to his poems the stuttering rifles rapid rattle in Anthem, and the batter of guns in Mental Cases. The powerful plangency of the weapons intensifies the empathy the reader has for the sacrificed men, as the hellish scene recreates the rattling in our own ears, as if we, the reader, were there. In Futility, a reign over contrast is apparent, as the whispering of fields at home signifies the penetrative remnant between the frontline action, and the calmness of Blighty.This is a stark reminder from Owen that, whilst everythings fine and calm in Britain, there are full-nerved men dying in France. The continuation of Anthems onomatopoeic cla tters is mirrored most notably by Mental Cases batter of guns and shatter of flying muscles. The rhyming extends Owens vivid stems by suggesting that, as well as combat and seeing the misery of comrades falling, the sounds of the multitudinous murders they once witnessed replay constantly in their minds, reminding them of the torment they met.In Dulce, we can hear the guttering choking and gargling of the hanging face, as well as visualize the grotesque scene, subjecting the reader to determine the true nature of war further. As well as applying haunting adjectives to his work, Owen utilizes pace to maintain his high level of passion. This is most evident in Dulce, where each verse is different in speed. The opening verse is drawn out -very slow with long, elongated vowels and verbs completing the stanza, lame, lost and coughing. This mirrors the fall apart of the soldiers, who would be deprived of sleep and be very slow in their speech. As the poem progresses into the gas atta ck, a pacy, urgent tone is adopted, with the cries of Gas Gas Quick, boys As Owen describes the gas victims painful end, the solemnly spoken lyric poem are slower, reverting back to the lingering sounds of the first verse, writhing. In Anthem, the passing bells of the funeral suggests a slow, colourless tone, as is the case with funerals. However, with the bugles calling and the wailing, the mournful mood is lost, just like the youth of Britain.Owen often ends his poems with an accusatory conviction, a controversial one that projects his innermost feelings, chosen to express the untold truths about war, and how the fast(a) campaigns to conscript men are disgraceful. In Anthem, Owen ends withTheir flowers the tenderness of patient minds,And each slow dusk a drawing down of blindsThis is a direct contrast to the whole poem, where Owen suggests the monstrous anger of the guns accompanies them in death. kind of of his habitual ending of a Lie, Owens ending is surprisingly peaceful, displaying a compassion for the dead antecedently unseen in his other poems. Mental Cases, Futility and Dulce, however, all oppose the somewhat upbeat ending. Dulce ends withThe old Lie Dulce et decorum estPro patria mori.Owen flat out accuses the old saying, and the trusted poetess, that to die for your country is not sweet and meet. Owen make up goes as far as ironically rhyming glory and mori, as to satirically jeer at Jesse Pope, completely contradicting her. Owen asks if my friend, you would not tellthe old Lie, passionately addressing the reader, but also the frank bearing at Pope not to print her jingoes, ironically donning her friend. This mirrors the ending to Mental Cases, where a sharp change of address sees the blame of the extrication shift to us who dealt them war and madness. Owen deliberately develops the poem to the startling climax, enveloping the blame around society as a whole, and not just certain poetesses.Dulce and Mental Cases match in descriptions, where the futile attempts to pick and snatch combine to provide the reader with an overwhelming sense of grief, at having sent these men off to war. Owens ideas mean that we, the modern reader, feel this guilt at having sent innocent youths to their untimely deaths, when we had done nothing. However, contextually, the reader would have read this, and known that they had done wrong, becoming guilt-ridden at their mistake. This is similar to Futility, where Owen accuses the fatuous sunbeams of wasting human life, agreeing with the Doomed Youth title, but opposing its final lines. Futility describes how men are killing others, ending life, when we should not be ordering the termination of it unfastening Gods work, when it is not our right to.Owens feelings towards death, and the ending of life, are the fundamental issues in his poems. In Dulce, Owen is constantly comparing young with old, bent double, like old beggars and knock-kneed, coughing like hags. Dulce also details how the men mar cheddrunk with fatigue, explaining the exhausted state of the men. These three quotes are shocking, as these men are young, energetic men, but theyre being reduced to quivering wrecks suggesting men age quicker in the trenches, due to the horrors they see, and what they have to experience. This is a direct juxtaposition, where the young are dying before the old (A role reversal), but are seen as being old themselves. Owens visual ideas on death are nothing short of morbid, describingat every jolt, the blood go on gargling from the froth-corrupted lungsIn Dulce and Mental Cases, Owen adopts a macabre approach to extend the demons of these men. In Dulce, the white eyes of the hanging face suggest death is upon the man, and that he is looking at the men to choose his next victim. This idea is carried into Mental Cases, where there are men whose minds the Dead have ravished. Owen suggests, through a conviction of anxiety, that death is omnipresent, and that the worst fear is to become a purgatorial shadow.Owen writes to display one main conviction that the false pretences of war are just that false. By writing about such shocking and affect issues, Owen breaks the fabricated lies and makes his feelings known by adding ambiguous sentences to his poems, marching asleep fatigue of war, or asleep to the glorious propaganda that recruited them? Owens poems are full of truths, however controversial they seem, and he projects his convictions and feelings any way he can, regardless of consequences.

Climate change as environmental challenge Essay

Climate change is the most imperative environmental ch whollyenge facing the planet. payable to intensified reliance on fossil fuels for energy, glasshouse gases increase in the atmosphere and warms the Earth warts and all evident from the increasing ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising sea levels (http//www.pewtrusts.org).The warming observed in the past fifty years is very likely to have been caused by the increase greenhouse gases released by human activities like burning of fossil fuels, land use change and agriculture. The atmospheric concentrations of these greenhouse gases have significantly increased since the beginning of industrial revolution (http//ec.europa.eu).The Earths modal(a) surface temperature since 1850 has risen by 0.76oC and is projected to increase from 1.8oC to 4oC in the end of the 21st century considering that at that throw in leave behind be no additional mitigation measure apart from those already in place in 2000 (http //ec.europa.eu). This increase in temperature may lead to severe snow and ice melting, changes in hydrological and biological systems, earlier migrations and shifting towards the poles of species geographic ranges.Adaptation measures are already being implemented and are indispensable to address the projected consequences. The European Union played a key role in the discipline of the major treaty addressing the issue on climate change, the Kyoto Protocol, agreed in 1997.The Kyoto protocol of cutting greenhouse gas emission to 8% below 1990s level in 2008-2012 has allowed the establishment of a international response to the climate problem (http//www.pewtrusts.org) however this adaptation effort is limited. Less lenient mitigation measures will also be needed in order to reduce the severity of climate changes impacts. It may be necessary to set mandatory limits and ratify national climate policies on reducing of greenhouse gas emission across all economic sectors. Also switching t o a more(prenominal) sustainable development paths related to energy efficiency, renewable energies and conservation of natural habitats can make a major contribution to climate change mitigation.Works Cited pew Campaign on Global Warming. The Pew Charitable Trusts. 1996-2008. 3 June 2008 .Climate Change. The European Commission. 14 May 2008. 3 June 2008 .

The Molecular Basis of Inheritance

THE MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE I. History A. breakthrough of trans underframeation a change in genotype and phenotype due to the uptake of external desoxyribonucleic acid by a cell 1. Griffith 1920s did experiments with Streptococcus pneumoniae (p294 build16. 2) a. took two strains of S. pneumoniae, one acerbic, one not b. heat killed pestilent strain, then assorted them with the living nonvirulent strain c. living nonvirulent strain became virulent d. nonvirulent strain took on virulent strains desoxyribonucleic acid ? became virulent e. see p294 public figure16. 2 S strain = virulent, R = nonvirulent f. ventually Griffiths work lead way to more studies on desoxyribonucleic acid being the carrier of genetic info. B. cogent evidence that viral desoxyribonucleic acid and not viral protein contains genetic information to make more viral particles 1. Hershey and cross 1950s p295 fig16. 4 a. k pertly that viruses could infect bacteria and make more viruses using the host cell s replicating machinery b. background sulfur gets incorporated into virus protein/phosphorus into virus DNA c. took T4 (bacteriophage) and plated with a lawn of E. coli and radioactively denominate sulfur, result = T4 with radioactive labeled protein (DNA not labeled) d. took T4 and plated with E. oli and radioactively labeled phosphorus = T4 with radioactively labeled DNA (protein not labeled) e. background when virus + bacteria is spun d feature, viral particles in supernatant and bacteria in dead reckoning f. took T4 (S-labeled) infected new E. coli lawn, spun down, found S-radioactive labels in supernatant g. took T4 (P-labeled) infected new E. coli lawn, spun down, found P-radioactive labels in scene h. result = its the DNA thats injected into the host to make more virus (even plated these spun down injection bacteria, and they lysed and released new virus C. Discovery of the structure of DNA 1.Watson and Crick a. used an x-ray crystallography picture (p297) by Franklin to determine DNA as a double-helical structure b. review p298 A pairs with T and G with C/ A and G are purines and C and T are pyrimidines/double hydrogen bonds between A and T, and triple between G and C II. DNA reproduction A. 3 models of DNA takings p300 fig 16. 10 1. Conservative model the enate whorl splits, copies, then goes back together again to ride out intact while a second entirely new copy is made 2. Semiconservative model the parental helix splits, copies and remains a part of the two new helixes 3.Dispersive model the parental helix splits unevenly, copies and remains a part of the two new helixes except in pieces B. Experimental proof p300 fig16. 11 1. added radioactively labeled heavy nitrogen to replicating bacteria, then placed this culture into radioactively labeled trip nitrogen (used to distinguish strands) 2. allowed bacteria to retell again, results gave hybrid DNA strands (ruled out conservative model) (note both hybrids half(a) and half and totally mixed look the same, so semiconservative and dispersive models both upheld this time- see below) 3. llowed bacteria to replicate again, results gave hybrid strands and only light double strands (ruled out dispersive model since all should be mixed if this was right) C. Origins of replication p301 fig16. 12 1. origin of replication site where DNA replication cast downs a. proteins recognize a specialized sequence on the template DNA, open the dsDNA to make a bubble, and begin replication b. replication complication location on DNA strand where new DNA strand is growing 1. prokaryotes plasmid (single orbitual dsDNA helix) halt one origin of replication and replication occurs in both directions 2. ukaryotes turn in linear dsDNA have many origins and replication occurs in both directions D. Elongation of new DNA 1. DNA polymerase enzyme that synthesizes the new DNA strand by adding nucleotides to the growing strand 2. DNA polymerase receives energy to do this by nucleotides bei ng nucleoside triphosphate (CTP, GTP, ATP, TTP) since they unload Pii = exergonic reaction to supply energy E. DNA is antiparallel p302 1. carbon numbering carbon attached to rump is 1, count clockwise, carbon attached to phosphate group is 3, carbon attached to other phosphate group is 5 2. be able to find 5 vs 3 end . (p302 fig 16. 14) replication occurs 5 ? 3, so strand being made in this direction is called the direct strand and replication occurs toward the replication fork 4. lagging strand is replication that occurs 5 ? 3 only if replication moves away from the replication fork a. lagging strand produces Okazaki fragments which must be connected with DNA ligase p303 fig 16. 15 F. Priming DNA synthesis (getting replication started) p303 fig16. 15 1. primer existing ribonucleic acid polynucleotide on the template DNA strand since DNA polymerase cannot just start adding new nucleotides on its own a. rimer is laid down by enzyme primase b. only one primer required for lead ing strand to begin synthesizing/new RNA primer required for each lagging strand beginning c. DNA polymerase eventually replaces RNA nucleotides with DNA ones and occurs before ligase connects any lagging DNA strands G. Other assisting proteins 1. helicase enzyme that unwinds dsDNA at the replication form 2. single-strand binding proteins hold apart template DNA while replication occurs **FINAL GOOD synopsis P304 fig 16. 16 III. DNA Proofreading and RepairA. Mismatch repair 1. as DNA polymerase lays down nucleotides, if it notices a mismatched one to template, will remove and replace with correct one 2. Excision repair p305 fig16. 17 consists of nuclease enzyme that can cut out damaged segments of a DNA strand, then new nucleotides are fill in based on what the other DNA strand sequence is by DNA polymerase and ligase IV. Replication of the ends of DNA strands p306 fig16. 18 A. DNA polymerase can only add nucleotides to a 3 end (since it grows in a 5 ? 3 direction) B.For laggin g strand, there is no problem since it replaces RNA primer and joins DNA with ligase C. For leading strand, there is a problem, since the 3 end of the template strand has a RNA primer, which cannot be replaced with DNA nucleotides (by DNA polymerase) since there is no 3 end to start from (DNA polymerase cannot just add nucleotides oppositeness of the DNA template strand must use a RNA primer) D. This results in successive replicated strands beseeming shorter and shorter the remedy? E. Telomeres eukaryotic cells have short repetitive nucleotide sequences that do not code for anything 1. elomeres entertain the cell from false alarms that there is DNA damage and cause the cell to die since losing these ends dont mean anything (note that prokaryotes do not have this problem since their DNA is circular with no end) 2. but when telomeres are lost, are they replaced? Yes by telomerase enzyme that works in conjunction with DNA polymerase to add length to telomeres a. p306 fig16. 19 h ave shortened just made DNA strand b. telomerase is associated with an RNA strand and DNA polymerase c. telomerase lines up the RNA strand with the 3 DNA strand to serve as a template to have the 3 end grow d. hen the RNA strand serves as a primer for new growth onto the 5 strand, then the primer is removed e. result is an elongated DNA strand that was shorted during replication *telomerase is not present in most cells of multicellular organisms (like us) *DNA of older individuals tends to be shorter *telomerase is abundant in germ line cells those that give rise to gametes *researchers find telomerase in cancer cells makes sense since these cells replicate a lot and would have very short DNA (possible cancer therapy is to target their telomerase)

The Blue Sword CHAPTER NINE

She snarl caught as she st argond at the gentle Hill-king ast seat his red horse, caught by the alternate, by the stars winking into the new-f onlyen darkness, by the sand and encircling Hills they seized her and held her consume. She was a figure in some story other than her witness, an embroidered shape in a Hill tapestry, a representation of something that did non exist in her Homeland. Then the crowd gave a scag and surged inward she unappealing her eye. But they were patting her ankles, her legs, her can, making her human once everywhere again, with human bewilder custodyt and human luck. She began to distinguish words in the holloa they were sh come forwarding, Harimad-sol Laprun minta Minta musti Harimad-sol Tsornin and Isfahel were driven together, and they s similarlyd patiently while the crowd rose and foamed slightly them. Isfahel turned his organize and Tsornin turned his, t unrefined their fl ared nostrils skin sensesed briefly in a salute.Out of the co rner of her eye lay waste to dictum Corlath tell a bulge come on the drop of blood at his m discoverh with the backrest of his hand.The crowd fell away(p) from its center, breaking into flyspeck eddies that laughed and swung each other by coat of arms and hands and shoulders. Sungold and Fire go outt exactlyt againstd away from each other, their riders silent and motionless. stimulate could not play at Corlath. He reached out bingle hand toward her, perhaps to touch her, entirely Tsornin sidled just angiotensin-converting enzyme step farthestther and Corlaths hand dropped away.Mathin appeared on kindles far side and touched her elbow, and bother grinningd gratefully at his familiar face. Mathin did not speak to her, and turned away, and she slid turned Sungold and the two of them fol showtimeed him, base on b tot anyy(prenominal)s slowly, permitted their due of take upiness at decease. Mathin stopped whither two taris were already target up, and knelt cut b ack to build a ardour, companionably ignoring his two pupils and kindle was glad to lay aside the glory of laprun-minta. The headache haze and sense of duty period began to ebb as she mechanic totallyy stripped dispatch Sungolds dingydle and gratebed him cut. The smell of Mathins cooking crept to greet her and prompt her, and remind her who she was, or who she had become. She was the girl of the Riders. encrust ate too much that wickedness. She ate process her patronage hurt Mathin had kept them on strict rations during training but she was only half aware of what she was eating. numerous an(prenominal) of the lapruni she had faced today came to her, to touch her hand and offer what seemed a sort of fealty they materialized at the edge of the firelight, as indistinct as they had seemed to her that afternoon they wore red robes and blue robes and embr throw robes and black, for n genius wore a stays, and their swords hung in scabbards by their sides alternatively of drawn against her. And they called her Harimad-sol, and laprun-minta, and their voices were hushed and reverent. annoy ate too much because it made her rec everywhere to a biger extent real.As the heretoforeing progressed other taris were set up airlessby she had noticed that Mathin was using a pot larger than the unity for the two of them she had seen every wickedness for half a dozen weeks. Soon she found they were sacramental manduction their fire and supper with Innath and Faran and Forloy and Dapsim, and others of the kings Riders. They watched without comment as the lapruni came to show themselves to the Daughter of the Riders, who kept putting more than food on her plate as they appeared and vanished. Once when get at looked up she power saw Mathin handing Corlath a plate. The king slouched down, cross-legged, and began to eat. enkindle would shit worryd to ask why the lapruni were saluting her, for it seemed beyond a simple ack at presentledgment of the loser t o the victor, but she did not ask. Mathin had taught her patience, and she had known all her life how to be stubborn.It seemed a poker chip unfair to com field of operations, she supposition, as it or as I have turned out but couldnt I have been told a little more beforehand? She looked into the look of those who sought her and called her Harimad-sol, and magazine-tested to think of them as individuals, and not as robes and tunics and fallen sashes. The lapruni all went away without her having to speak to them, for they did not seem to expect her to answer them with anything but her presence. This was both restful and unnerving. unrivalled laprun was a muliebrity. For her call forth did have a question. What is your name?The girls robe was blue, and get at suddenly recognized her as the rider on the bay mare. Senay, she replied.Where is your home?Senay turned to face northwest. Shpardith, she give tongue to. It is thither, and she pointed into the blackness. Twelve days on a fleet horse.Harry nodded, and the girl left to return to her own fire, and others came to speak to the laprun-minta who sit with the Riders and the king. When she looked a assault again she realized that there were eighteen dark figures besides herself and the king all the Riders, from wherever they had been, had returned.And Narknon reappeared, and Harry hugged her thirstily, for she felt in direct of something to hug. She offered her bits of meat, which Narknon graciously accepted, although she attempted to nose through Harrys plate herself, to make sure Harry wasnt progressing back any of the best bits for herself.Harry slept dreamlessly, her hand on the hilt of her sword when she awoke and found this so, she stared at her hand as if it did not belong to her.She crept out of the tari and looked around. The sky was light yet most of the taris pacify had bodies in them, and there were more blanket-swathed figures motionless around banked or burned-out fires. Mathins lips mov ed as he re built their fire. She turned to look stinkpot her. Corlath was g i there was only a small tittup in the sand where he had lain, or it might be only the wind. Mathin handed her a cup of malak. It was reheated from last night, and bitter. Harry shrugged into her stiff grimy surcoat, hoping there would be bathing sometime today, and thinking wistfully of the little valley behind her, and its green pool. Her split sash lay beside her, where she had stuffed it through the taris open flap the night before. She picked it up and, after a moments thought, draped it around her waist again, tucking torn edges downstairsneath till it would persist fixed. She did not do it very come up, and she thought of asking Mathin for military service, but chose not to.After the wildness of the night before, this morning everyone went quietly virtually the business of packing up and returning, it seemed, to where they had come from. A few lingered Harry and several of the Riders, for man y of them had vanished with Corlath, and perhaps a dozen riders she did not recognize, and a few of the lapruni. She looked for Senay hopefully, but did not see her. The wind whispered oer the bare land. But for the black hollows of dead fires, there was nix to show that several hundred people had spent the last three days here.Mathin turned Windrider due east, east where the city lay just beyond one of the enigmatic rockfaces before them. Tsornin fell into step beside Windrider Viki came along behind them, electrostatic grumbling to himself and the others, some thirty riders, strung out behind them. Harry peered over her shoulder several times, watching the procession winding behind her, till she caught Mathins expression of restrained pleasure when he glanced over at her. After that she looked only straight ahead. Narknon padded softly among them all. There was another(prenominal)(prenominal) big hunting- honk with them, a handsome spotted-mahogany male an inch or two taller than Narknon but she scorned him.Tsornin strode out like a yrling having his first sight of the world beyond his paddock. Harry tried to keep her back straight and her legs quiet. Yesterday she had been glad of her perfectly fitted saddle, for it gave her suppleness and security today she was glad of it because it told her where her legs were speculate to be charge when they felt like blocks of woodland. Her shoulder hurt, and her head felt woolly, and her right on wrist was as weak as water, and she had a wide purple bruise on her left calf. My horse is ignoring me, Harry thought. Or lightthornbe hes trying to cheer me up. She had gone over him with great care the evening before, and again this morning, and applied emollient to the few small scrapes he had collected. He had no suspicious swellings, no lameness, and his eyes were pearlescent and his step buoyant. He made her feel woollier. Are you trying to cheer me up? she express to his mane, and he cocked a merry ear a t her and strutted.They had just begun to step upward off the plain into the Hills when they rounded another abrupt shoulder of rock like the one she and Mathin had passed for her first view of the laprun carry off and here was a wide high schoolway mounting steeply to massive logic gates not far away. There lay the City.They passed through the gates, borne beneath an arch two horse-lengths dumb, their horses hooves echoing hollowly. There was a stone- chilliness grey smell, as if of caves, although the gates had stood for a thousand days. They walked down a broad avenue where six horsemen might walk abreast. It was stone-paved, laid out in huge flat cobbles, some grey or white or red-veined black it had edges of earth where slender grey trees grew. Behind them were stone walkways where small fryren played and beyond them were stone houses and shops and stables and warehouses stone flower-pots stood in approachways and on window ledges. The green-and-blue parrots Harry had s een in the traveling coterie were perched on many shoulders, and some of them joined, gay and noisy, in the childrens games. Often with a flirt of wings one would hold off the stone counter or mark a group of children was using, while the children shrieked at them, and occasionally threw pebbles at them, but only very small ones.Is there no wood? state Harry. Nothing but stone? She looked up at the roof and walls and gables mounting up the hillside behind the gates, tiers of stone, multi-colored stone, no shingles or slats or carved wooden cornices, or shutters or window frames.There is wood here, utter Mathin, but there is more stone.Innath rode up on Harrys other side. Mathin cannot see the strangeness of this place, he said his village is just as stony as the City, only smaller. Where I come from we course down trees and plane them smooth and slot them together, our houses and barns are warm and weathered, and do not last invariably and haunt you with the ghosts of a thousan d years.We use wood, said Mathin.Innath made a dismissive gesture. The grand receiving-rooms here have wooden paneling youll see some of them at the citadel and parlors, where people really live, oft have wooden screens as ornaments.There are wooden c sensory hairs and tables and cupboards, said Mathin.There are more stone chairs and tables and cupboards, said Innath. They dont often rearrange the furniture here.Harry looked around. She saw doors so well hung on their hinges that they were opened and closed by a childs touch, yet made of stone slabs so heavy she wondered how they had been wrestled into their places to bugger off with. Free-standing walls, she saw, were often as wide as the reach of her two arms yet often too the inner wall facing on a courtyard encircled by tall houses was so fine and delicate, cut into filigree work so complex, it looked as though it must tremble in the lightest breeze as if one might roll it up like a bolt of silk and investment trust it on a shelf.To be either a stonemason or a carpenter is to be respected, Mathin said. The best of them are greatly honored.Hear the horse-breaker, said Innath.Mathin smiled.The children began calling The lapruni are here And the Riders and the laprun-mintaHarimad-sol, Innath called to them, and Harry chargeed.Harimad-sol, agree the children and people came out from the houses and down the narrower ways off the wide central way to look. Harry tried to look around her without catching anyones eye, but many of the onlookers sought hers and when one succeeded, he or she would touch right wrist to forehead and and then hold the flat empty palm out toward her. Harimad-sol, she heard, and eagerly they added, Damalur-sol. The children danced in front of Tsornins feet to make her look at them, and clapped their hands and she smiled and waved shyly at them, and Tsornin was very on the alert with his hooves.They rode on. At first the Hills rose up behind the low buildings, but as they went f arther in, the buildings grew taller and taller and seemed part of the Hills themselves and the trees that lined the way grew larger, till the shade of them could be felt as one passed beneath. Then another gate rose up before them, the wall around it running into the flanks of the mountains as if wall and gate had been formed with the mountains at the beginning of time. They went through this gate too, and entered a wide flat courtyard of clear stone. This stone was mirror-white, and it blazed up fiercely in the morning sunlight, and Harry felt as if she had emerged from under(a)ground. She blinked.Before her stood Corlaths fastness no one had to explain to her what this huge stone edifice must be. She tipped her head back to see the precipitate points of the turrets, brilliant as diamonds. It was itself a mountain, proudly peaked, seated among its brothers its faces glittered dangerously. The shadows it threw were abrupt and absolute one wall reflected white, another black. Th e central mass was taller than the Hill crests here the road they had climbed had reached near the summit of the dark Hills, and like an island in the crater lake of an extinct volcano, the castle stood in its stone yard that shone as bright as water in the sun.Harry sighed.Men of the horse were approaching them in the swift but unhurried way she remembered from the days on the desert in the traveling camp and she felt a sudden sharp stab of memory, as if that were a time many years past, and the present were sad and weary. She slipped down from Tsornins back and he suffered himself to be led away when one of the brown men rung to him gently by name and laid a hand in front of his withers. Narknon sit down down neatly at Harrys feet Harry could feel her tail twitching at her ankles.Those who had ridden with her began now to go purposefully in their own individual directions. Mathin said to her, It is here I am to leave you. mayhap it may be permitted that we ride against each othe r again and you may practice your skills upon me, Daughter of the Riders. He smiled. We get out set up again at the kings table, here in the City.Harry looked up toward the castle when Mathin left her, sense a little forlorn and it was Corlath himself who walked to meet her. She swallowed rather hard, and blessed the sunburn that would prevent her fierce blush from showing as clearly as it would on an Outlanders pale skin.We meet again, Harimad-sol, Corlath said. There was a small scab at one corner of his mouth he looked down at her with a cold dignity, she thought he is the master of this place, and what am I? Even Daughter of the Riders could not comfort her as Corlath stood before her with his castle shining savagely behind him.But then he spoiled the meat or perhaps the effect was all in Harrys eyes to begin with by saying, So thats where the thrice-blasted cat disappeared to. I should have guessed it.He did not look very majestic while glaring at a cat so Harry said cro ssly, I wish I knew what was passing game on.Corlath looked at her thoughtfully, and Narknon, with customary feline charm, stood up and went to twine herself around Corlaths legs. Corlaths face softened and he rubbed her ears. Harry could hear her purr she could almost feel it through the soles of her boots on the white stone. Narknon was a champion purrer. And dont tell me that no one knows what is going on and that it is for the gods to decide, either.Corlaths face wavered and then broke into a smile, although whether at Harry or the big cat, Harry didnt know. Very well, he said. I wont. I provide tell you that you are the offshoot of the laprun trials, laprun-minta, which you already know, and as such the most important of the lapruni, the untried. Corlaths hand lay motionless on Narknons head. The multitude marches, to do what it can, in less than a fortnights time. You and the best of the lapruni will ride with us. Narknon bumped Corlaths hand violently and the fingers m oved(p) and began scratching again.In a lighter tone Corlath continued, In other years that the laprun trials are held, there is a weeks celebration at their end, and a great many songs are sung, and lies about ones own artwork told, and all the minta of past years claim that their year was the best, and much wine and beer is drunk, and it is all very cheerful. This year we have not the time, and many of those who would be part of it are far away, and those who are here are busy, and the work they do is melancholy. He paused as if hoping she would say something, or at least raise her eyes from Narknons sleepy face and look at him but when she did finally look up, he immediately squinted up at the sky. But tonight there will be a feast in your honor. You are not the least of those who have been laprun scratchs. There are many who will come tonight and to look at you.Harry stopped smiling at the cat. Oh, she said.Come. I will show you where you will breathe till we leave the City. She followed him crossways the smooth courtyard and around one wing of the castle as they rounded the tip, set back from the edge and guarded by the castles great bulk was a wall that at first seemed low but it was fully ten feet high as they approached. It trend back on itself as if it protected something within that was very precious. In the wall was a door, the upside of a tall man. Corlath opened it, and looked around for her. She stepped in first, Narknon crowding at her heels, with the odd feeling that he was watching her anxiously for her reaction. It was very beautiful. Here the courtyard was not stone, but green grass, and a rate of flow ran through it from one end to the other, with a fountain at the center, and a stone horse reared in the midst of the falling spray. On either side of the electric current was a path of paving-stones, grey and blue, that went all the way around the fountain. There were curved stone seats on either side of the fountain, with the pullul ate running surrounded by them. Beyond all this was what Harry thought of instantly as a palace, for all its diminutive size it was no bigger than the gatemans cottage on her fathers now Richards estate, back Home. But this cottage had slender peaked towers at each of its five corners, and a cupola at the center of the slanting roof, with a delicate fence surrounding it. But for the cupola, it was only one story high, and the windows were tall and thin. The walls and roof were a Mosaic of thousands of small flat blue stones, with colors from aquamarine to turquoise to sapphire, but Harry had no idea what these stones might be, for they were opaque, and yet they gleamed like mother of pearl. She sighed, and then to her horror she felt her eyes plectrum with tears so she ran forward. It seemed as though even her whip horseback riding-boots made no sound on the stone here, and she plunged her hands into the water of the fountain, and put her face under the spray. The coldness of it quieted her, and the drops danced around her. Narknon climbed up on one of the benches and lay down.Corlath followed them through the door in the wall and then went on to the little mosaic palace. There was no door in the arched entrance. Harry stepped slowly inside. Here the stream had slipped around behind and entered by some back way, for in the center of the front room was another fountain, and the stream ran in under the rear wall but here the stone horse stood on all four legs and bowed his head to drink from the pool at his feet. There were tapestries on the walls, and rugs and cushions on the floor, and one low table, and that was all. Corlath opened the stone door beside the place where the stream came under the wall. She looked in. The stream entered over a tiny falls of three stone stairs under the far wall, to run under the near wall and out to the fountain in the front room. The water tinkled as it fell. The floor of this room was thick with carpets, and against th e wall opposite the stream was the long bolster-like object she had learned to recognize in the traveling camp as the Hill idea of a bed, although she had entertained higher hopes of the furnishings of the City. There were pillow-sized cushions at one end, and body-sized rugs folded up at the other end.She went back into the bigger room and looked around again. There was another door between two long blue-and-green tapestries. She walked over to it and opened it, wondering if she would find a dragon breathing fire from a heap of diamonds, or merely a bottomless chasm lined with blue stones, but instead it was only a bit more of the grassy courtyard, and a few steps away was a door in the wall surrounding this magic place into what she thought vaguely must be the castle itself.She closed the door and turned back Corlath was dangling his fingers in the pool just in front of the horses stone nose. He looked as if he were thinking very hard about something. Harry leaned back against the door behind her and stared at him, wondering what he was looking at, and waited for him to remember her.He looked up finally, and met her eyes. She didnt think she flinched. Do you like it? he said. She nodded, not rather sure of her voice. It has been a long time since this place sheltered anyone, he said she wanted to ask how it came to be here at all, who had built it so lovingly and why but she didnt. Corlath left her there. He walked out past the fountain of the reproduction horse, and at the door where they had first entered he paused and turned back toward her. She had followed him from the small jeweled cottage, and stood next to the low bench where Narknon lay at her ease. But he said nothing, and turned away again, and closed the door behind him. She went to the little back room with the bolster and took off her surcoat. Her hands met her torn sash her fingers curl around it and then she pulled it off in her two hands and tossed the pieces away from her. They flutter ed to the floor. She lay down by degrees, leaving the lower half of her left leg hanging over the edge of the bolster, where the bruise need not come in contact with anything, and carefully arranged her sore shoulder. A young woman woke her, but she was dressed as the men of the plate were dressed, in a long sashless white robe, and had the comparable mark they did on her forehead. The banquet will begin presently, said the girl, and bowed and Harry nodded and sit down up stiffly, and yawned, and contemplated her bruises, which seemed to be spreading. She unfolded herself, and weaved to her feet. She put on her blue robe but left the sash lying, and followed the girl out of the mosaic palace and through the castle door into an antechamber. She looked to the left and saw a room with tables, high tables, and real chairs not chairs like the ones she had known at Home, but still chairs, with legs and backs, and some with armrests. The girl manoeuver her to the right and into an imm ense bathroom, with the bath itself sunk into the floor, the size of a millpond, and steaming. The girl helped her out of her clothes, and Harry sat for a moment at the edge of the lake and dabbled her tired feet in it. Her attendant hissed with sympathy over the bruises.Once she was fairly in and wet all over, two more young women appeared, and one of them presented her with a cake of white soap. The third young woman unbound her wet hair now that it was wet, it smelled terribly of horse and started rubbing shampoo into it. The shampoo smelled like flowers. She thought, I bet Corlaths shampoo doesnt smell like flowers. She would rather have climbed out of her own clothes in spite of the aches and pains and washed her own hair. The young woman who had given her the soap washed her back with a scratchy sponge, and Harry reduce the urge to giggle she hadnt had anyone wash her back for her since she was five years old.She was wipe at last and wrapped in towels, and sat quite pat iently while the young woman who had washed her hair now tried to work the tangles out of it. It was long and thick and hadnt been combed properly smooth for weeks. Better her than me, Harry thought cheerfully there are advantages to servants, perhaps and this girl is very gentle Harry caught herself dozing. Im going to be less than a success at my own banquet if I cant even stay awake, she thought. I suppose the last six weeks are all catching up with me now, and Mathins grey dust.She tumbled off her stool at last, the towels removed, and a heavy white shift dropped over her head. They put velvet slippers on her feet and a red robe around her shoulders, and twisted a gold cord around her hair but let it hang down behind her so she had to flick the end of it aside when she sat down. At Home, one never wore ones hair loose when one was no eight-day a child at night it was braided, during the day it was laced up. Harry shook her hair it felt funny. These last weeks she had tied and pinned it fiercely under her helmet, where it couldnt get caught in anything, like the branch of a tree, or Mathins sword, or under her own saddle. The young woman who had awakened her had rubbed salve into her shoulder and leg before they dressed her, and Harry found that she could move more freely, and the weight of the robe didnt bow her down, nor the sleek surface of the shift rub her like sandpaper.The three girls ushered her across the anteroom to the room with the chairs, and they all three bowed, and looked shyly at her with smiles hovering in their eyes, so she grinned at them and flapped the edges of her clean scarlet robe at them, and they smiled happily and left.Harry sat down tentatively in one of the queer crook-legged chairs, and leaned back luxuriously. Rugs and cushions and stools can be very comfortable, but they are inevitably backless, and it was apparently not done to lean against a tent wall no one else did it, at least, so she hadnt tried. The shift billowed around her as she shrugged farther into the chair No sash, she thought.There was a long sign of the zodiac she could see through an open door and after a few proceedings Mathin appeared through another door at the far end of it and came toward her. In his hand was a bit of maroon cloth and when he came through the door, the air that swept in with him smelled of flowers. Harry smiled.Well met, Daughter of the Riders, said Mathin, and unrolled what he had in his hand. It was her old sash, washed clean. The smile left Harrys face, and when Mathin held the sash out to her, still in its two pieces, as if he would tuck it around her waist, she backed up a step.He stopped, surprised, and looked at her face, white under the tan. I think, he said slowly, that you do not understand. He held his arms out to his sides, and the hand indicated a line on his own dark green sash. Look here.Harry looked and saw a similar tear, but carefully mended, with tiny exact stitches of yellow thread. in al l the Riders wear them so. Many of us won the slash at the hand of the king after being First at the laprun trials as I did, many years ago. It was Corlaths father gave me this cut. Two or three of us have won them at other times. Any one lucky enough to have a sash cut off by a sol or sola will wear the mended sash ever after.Harry, faintly in the back of her mind, heard Beth saying They come in those long robes they perpetually wear over their faces too, so you cant see if theyre smiling or frowning and some of them with those funny scratchy sashes around their waists.Mathin said I will teach you to mend yours you must do it yourself, as you clean your own sword and pay your own homage. He looked at her slyly and added All those sashes you lopped off their owners you may be sure will be saved and mended and the cuts will be bragged of, given by the damalur-sol whose nontextual matter was first seen when she was First at the laprun trials.Harry suffered Mathin to put the maroo n sash around her waist again. He did not tuck it together, as she had, so that the slash did not show instead it went in front, proudly Harry gritted her teeth and was fixed by a long golden pin. Then she silently followed him down the corridor.There were pillars reaching up three stories to meet the arched ceilings the floors were laid out in great squares, two strides length, but within each black-and-white butt on were scenes drawn in tiny mosaic tiles. Harry tried to look at them as she walked over them, and saw a great many horses, and some swords, and some sunrises and sunsets over Hills and deserts. She had her eyes so busily on the floor that when Mathin stopped she ran into him.They stood under one of the three-story arches the pillars made, but on either side of them the spaces between the tall columns were filled in, and tapestries hung on these walls, and they stood in the doorway to an immense room. It too was three stories high, and a chandelier was let down from t he ceiling on a chain that seemed hundreds of feet long. Mathin and she went down six steps, across a dozen strides of floor, and up nine steps to a vast square dais around three sides of the square was a white-laid table. At the one edge of this dais where there was no table were three more steps up to a long rectangular table on a smaller dais and around this table sat Corlath and seventeen Riders. There were two empty seats at Corlaths right. Chairs, Harry thought happily. Chairs seem quite commonplace in the City, even if they dont understand beds.They sat, and the men and women of the household brought food, and they ate. Harry cast a sharp eye over those bearing the dishes it seemed that those of the household here in the City were about equally divided, men and women. Harry turned impulsively to Mathin and said, quietly so that Corlath would not hear, Why were there no women of the household with us in the traveling camp?Mathin smiled at his leg of fowl. Because there were so few women riding with us.Corlath said, There will be some to go with us in ten days time, if you wish it for even an army on its way to war needs some tending.Harry said stiffly, If this wish of mine is not a foolish one, it would please me to see women of the household come with us.Corlath nodded gravely and Harry thought of that first banquet she had attended, still ridiculous and frightened from her ride across the desert, bumping on Corlaths saddlebow. She was still dizzy and frightened, she thought sadly, and touched the gold pin in her sash it was cold to her fingers..There was talk over the food of the laprun trials just past and of how so-and-sos son had ridden well or poorly all the Riders had been watching the trials with an vigilance made more acute by the nearness of the Northerners. Mathin mentioned that a young woman named Senay had done well a place should be offered to her when the army was ready to march. The kysin had ranked her high, and so she was still in the City, hoping for such a summons.Where is her home? Corlath asked.Mathin frowned, trying to remember.Shpardith, Harry said.Shpardith? Mathin said, surprised. She must be old Nandams daughter. He always said shed grow into a soldier. Good for her.Mathins growing into a billitu, do you think? said Innath, and a ripple of laughter went around the table. Harry turned to look at Mathin, and thought he was looking even more stolid than usual. I choose only the best, said Mathin firmly, and everyone laughed again. A billitu is a lady-lover. Harry smiled involuntarily.No one mentioned the brilliant performance of the youngster on the big chestnut Tsornin who had had the luck to carry off the honors, and Harry began to relax as the meal progressed, although, she thought, staring into her goblet, the wine was probably helping.All was cleared away at last, and then came a pause so measured and expectant that Harry knew before she saw the man bearing the leather sack that they would bring out t he weewee of Seeing. This time she could understand when the Riders spoke of what they saw war was in almost everyones eyes, war with the Northerners, who were led by someone who was more than a man, whose sword flickered with a light that was the color of madness, and terror filled the heart of anyone who rode against him.Faran laughed shortly and without mirth and said that what he saw was no use to anybody Hantil saw his own folk riding grimly toward the City bearing a message he did not know. Hantil came from a village in the mountains that were the northern border of Damar. I do not like it, said Hantil I have never seen my father look so stern.Innath sighed over his Sight. I see the Lake of Dreams, he said, as if it is early spring, for the trees are in bud. The Riders ride along its edge, but our number is only fifteen.Mathin tipped a swallow of the Water into his mouth, and stared into the distance and it was as though he were turned to stone, a statue in the stone City bu t his face broke into a sweat, and the drops rolled from his forehead. Then he moved, became human again, but the sweat still ran. His voice was rough when he spoke I am on fire. I know no more.As soon as Harrys hands closed around the neck of the flask, a picture swam before her in the brown leather of the bag, among the fine tooling, there was another image placed there by no leather worker. She saw Tsornin standing on the desert, and his rider carried a white flag, or a bit of white cloth tied to the end of a stick. What do you see? asked Corlath gently, and she told him. She could not see the riders face, for there was a white cloth pulled over nose and chin but she shivered at the thought of seeing her own face so eerily and worse yet, what if it were not her face? Tsornin broke into a canter and then a gallop, and Harry saw what he approached the eastern gate of the General Mundy. Then the picture faded, and she was looking at the curiously tooled leather of the Water bag agai n. She raised it to her lips.Something like an explosion occurred in her head as she tasted the Water. She shuddered with the shock. Her right arm was numb to the shoulder, and it was her left hands grasp on the neck of the bag that prevented her from dropping it. Then she felt another shock like the first, and realized that Tsornin was between her legs, and he screamed with rage and fear. The sky seemed to be black, and there were shouts and shrieks all around her, and they echoed as in a high-walled valley. One more of those shocks and she would be out of the saddle. She felt it poised to fall on her and her vision cleared, and there was the table again. She looked at her right hand it was still there. She looked up. I dont I dont know exactly what I saw. I think I was in a battle and I seemed to be losing. She smiled weakly. Her right arm was still not operative properly, and Corlath lifted the bag out of her left hand.He took a sip in his turn and Harry, watching, saw his ey es change color till they were as yellow as they had been the first time she had seen him in the Residencys courtyard. Then he closed them, and she saw the muscles in his face and neck and the backs of his hands tense till she thought they would burst through the skin and then it was all over, and he opened his eyes, and they were brown. They moved to meet hers, and she thought she saw something of his vision still lingering there, and it was something like her own.I have seen our enemys face, Corlath said calmly. It is not pretty.Then the man came to carry the Water away, and the wine was brought back, and the shadows were chased away for a little. The Riders began looking expectantly toward Corlath, but this was a happier expectancy than that which had predicted the Meeldtar, and Harry caught the eagerness herself, though she knew not what it was for, and looked around for clues.They had eaten their meal only when in the vast hall, and their few voices ran up into the ceiling lik e live things with wills of their own. But after the Water bag had been taken away, people had begun to appear around the small dais where the king and his Riders sat they entered from all directions and settled on cushions or chairs. Some of them mounted the lower dais and sat around the great table that surrounded the Riders. More of the folk of the household appeared, some bearing trays and some low tables, and set out more food, or passed it among the increasing audience. There was a murmur of talk, low but excited. Harry rubbed her fingers up and down the length of the gold pin in her sash till it was no longer cold.One of the men brought Corlath his sword, and he stood up and slung the belt of it around him. Harry wondered sourly how many years it took to learn to sling oneself into a sword as easily as yawn and then wondered if she wanted to spend so many years that way. Or if she would have the choice. She had not liked waking up to find herself clutching her sword hilt as a child might clutch a favorite toy. Perhaps it was as well to have to think of shoulder and waist, belt and buckle. Another man came in, carrying another sword. Corlath took this one too, and held the scabbard in his left hand, letting the belt dangle and he pulled it free and waved it, gleaming, under the light of the candles in the great chandelier. There was a blue stone set in its hilt, and it glared defiantly in the light. This was a shorter lighter sword than Corlaths, but the suppleness of it, and the way it hung, waiting, in the air, gave it a look of infinite age, and sentience, as if it looked out at those who looked at it. This is Gonturan, said Corlath, and a murmur of assent and of recognition went around the hall the Riders were silent. She is the greatest treasure of my family. For a few years in his youth each son has carried her but she was not meant for a mans hands, and legend has it that she will betray the man who dares bear her after his twentieth year. This is the maam Aerins sword and it has been many a long year since there has been a woman to carry it.Harry was staring at the blade, and barely heard Corlaths words she was watching a flame-haired woman riding in a forest that seemed to grow against the flat of the shining sword in her hand was another sword, and the hilt sparkled blue.All the other Riders were standing up, and Corlath reached down and seized her wrist. Stand up, disi, he said. Im about to make you a Rider. She stood, dazed. A disi was a silly child. There was another who rode with the woman who carried the Blue Sword he rode a few paces behind her.A Rider? Harry said.A Rider, Corlath replied firmly.She dragged her eyes away from the winking sword edge and looked at him. Another man of the household set a small flat pot of yellow salve at Corlaths right hand. The king dipped the fingers of that hand in it, then drew them to smear the pick across his palm. He had shifted Gonturan to his left hand now he seized the blad e near the tip with his right, and gave it a quick twist. Damn, he said, as the blood welled between his fingers and dripped to the floor. He picked up a napkin and squeezed it. adjudge my sword, Harimad-sol, he said, and do the same but not so enthusiastically. I think, though, that Katuchim has not the sense of pander that Gonturan does, so do not fear him.She dipped her fingers in the salve, and touched them gently to her palm reached out and, as awkwardly as if she had never learned one lesson from Mathin, dragged Corlaths sword from its scabbard. It was so long she had to get the hilt against the table to get a reasonable angle on the edge. She closed her fingers around it, thought about something else, and felt the skin of her palm just part. She opened her hand, and three drops of blood only sprang from the thinnest of red lines across her skin. Well done said Mathin over her shoulder, and the Riders cheered and the whole hall picked it up, shouting.Corlath grinned down a t her, and she could not help smiling back. There have been more graceful kings and Riders since the world began, but well do, said Corlath to her, quietly, below the roar around them. Take your sword, and mind you treat her well. You will have Aerins shade to answer to, else.Harrys fingers closed round the blue hilt and she knew at once that she would handle this sword very well indeed or it would handle her. For a moment she found herself wishing that she had been carrying Gonturan the day of the trials, and at this a slow sly smile spread across her face. She raised her eyes to Corlaths face he had taken his own sword back and sheathed it, and one of the Riders was tying the napkin around the wounded hand and saying something sardonic but Corlath only laughed, and turned back to watch her. Such was the slow sly smile he offered her in return that she rather thought he knew just what she was thinking.Damalur-sol the people cried. Damalur-sol